汕尾市城区2019年学校新生入学结核筛查结果分析

林培歆 梁翠婵 王报造 许智伟 温文沛 张晨晨

摘要：目的 了解汕尾市城區初中、高中和大学入学新生中结核病感染情况，为学校开展结核病筛查和防治工作提供科学依据。方法 对2019年汕尾市城区6264名初中、高中和大学新生进行结核菌素试验（PPD）并判断结果。结果 6264名新生中PPD阳性者1941例，阳性率为30.99%，其中男生为31.56%，女生为30.48%。不同学龄段间筛查结果差异无统计学意义（2值为5.054，P>0.05）;不同性别间筛查结果差异无统计学意义（Z值为-0.966，P>0.05），其中初一年级男女生筛查结果差异无统计学意义（Z值为-0.456，P>0.05），高一年级男女生筛查结果差异有统计学意义（Z值为-3.893，P<0.05），大一年级男女生筛查结果差异有统计学意义（Z值为-1.993，P<0.05）。初中、高中和大学新生的PPD均值差异无统计学意义（F值为1.674，P>0.05），不同性别间PPD均值差异无统计学意义（T值为1.42，P>0.05）。确诊结核病患者2例，患病率为31.93/10万。结论 对入学新生进行结核菌素试验筛查有助于及时发现结核病患者，加强对强阳性学生的结核病随访监测，防止结核病在学校暴发流行。

关键词：结核病;结核菌素试验;学生

Analysis of tuberculosis screening results among school freshmen in Shanwei City in 2019

LIN Pei-xin， LIANG Cui-chan， WANG Bao-zao， XU Zhi-wei， YE Hui-jing

Shanwei city urban chronic disease prevention and treatment station， Shanwei 516600， China

【Abstract】Objective To investigate the situation of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among the junior high school ， senior high school and university freshmen enrolled in the urban area of Shanwei City， and provide a scientific basis for the school to carry out tuberculosis screening and prevention work. Methods Purified protein derivative （PPD） skin was performed among 6，264 students in junior high school， high school and university freshmen in the urban area of Shanwei City in 2019 and the results were judged. Results There were 1941 cases of PPD positive among 6264 freshmen， the positive rate was 30.99%， of which 31.56% were boys and 30.48% were girls. There was no statistically significant difference in screening results between different school ages （2 value was 5.054， P> 0.05）; there was no statistically significant difference in screening results between different genders （Z value was -0.966， P> 0.05）， of which There was no statistically significant difference between the screening results of boys and girls （Z value -0.456， P> 0.05）， the difference between the screening results of boys and girls in the first grade was statistically significant （Z value -3.893， P <0.05）， Differences in screening results between boys and girls were statistically significant （Z value was -1.993， P <0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the average PPD of junior high school， high school and college freshmen （F value 1.674， P> 0.05）， and there was no statistically significant difference in the average PPD between different genders （T value 1.42， P> 0.05）. Two patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis， the prevalence rate was 31.93 / 100，000. Conclusion Screening of tuberculosis test for freshmen will help to find TB patients in time， strengthen the follow-up monitoring of tuberculosis of strong positive students， and prevent the outbreak of tuberculosis in schools.

【Key words】Tuberculosis; Tuberculin test; Students

【中图分类号】G644.5  【文献标识码】A  【文章编号】1673-9026（2021）14--02

结核病是一种严重危害人民健康的慢性传染病，世界卫生组织公布的《2019年全球结核病报告》显示，结核病仍是全球十大死因之一，也是最大的单一感染性病原体致死原因。中国结核病患病人数居世界第二位，仅次于印度，结核病是中国重点控制的重大疾病之一[1]。

结核病主要是由结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）感染而引起，因感染部位差异可以分为多种不同类型，其中，肺结核是最常见的类型，主要通过呼吸道进行传播。……