钩藤钩器官形态发育的解剖学研究

邓宽平 杨胜伟 杨秀伟 张永刚

摘 要：  為了解钩藤钩的微观形态发育过程，该文利用石蜡切片的方法，对钩藤营养器官分枝茎钩的微观形态特征进行解剖和比较分析。结果表明：钩与茎之间在解剖学上既有相关性，又各有其自身的特征;其相关性表现在茎的内部结构大体上决定着其钩的内部结构，充分体现钩是由着生在茎上的侧枝变态发育形成的;在钩发育中期逐渐形成与茎类似的内部结构;茎的内部结构组成在数量上比钩更丰富，钩只有初生结构;钩藤茎与钩的药用成分积累没有本质的区别，均主要分布在韧皮部和木质部及皮层薄壁细胞。由此可知，钩藤钩器官是由茎变态发育形成，但只有初生结构。该研究结果可辅助解决某些仅靠形态学性状难以解决的分类鉴定问题，为判断钩状茎或卷须茎的变态来源提供理论参考依据。

关键词： 钩藤， 形态发育， 解剖学， 器官

中图分类号：  Q944.53

文献标识码：  A

文章编号：  1000-3142（2021）12-1981-07

收稿日期：  2020-08-16

基金项目：  贵州省科技计划重大专项 （黔科合支撑 [2017]2829）; 贵州省中药材现代产业技术体系建设项目 （GZCYTX-02） [Supported by Major Special Project of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan （ [2017]2829）; Chinese Medicine Modern Industry Technology System Construction Project of Guizhou Province （GZCYTX-02）]。

作者简介： 邓宽平（1976-），硕士，副研究员，研究方向为中药材资源保存评价利用，（E-mail）dkp2003@126.com。

通信作者：  杨胜伟，硕士，农艺师，研究方向为中草药选育栽培及生理生化研究，（E-mail）1060299330@qq.com。

Anatomical study on the morphological development of hook organ of Uncaria rhynchophylla

DENG Kuanping， YANG Shengwei*， YANG Xiuwei， ZHANG Yonggang

（ Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zunyi 563003， Guizhou， China ）

Abstract：  In order to understand the microscopic morphological development process of hook organ of Uncaria rhynchophylla， using paraffin section method， the microscopic morphological features of branch stems and hook of U. rhynchophylla were dissected and compared. The results were as follows： The hook and the stem were both anatomically related and had their own characteristics， and the correlation was that the internal structure of the stem generally determined the internal structure of the hook， which fully reflected that the hook was formed by the metamorphosis of the side branches on the stem; In the middle of hook development， it gradually form an internal structure similar to the stem; The internal structural composition of the stem was more abundant in quantity than the hook， but the hook had only a primary structure; There was no essential difference in the accumulation of medicinal components between the stem and the hook of U. rhynchophylla， the medicinal ingredients were mainly distributed in the phloem， xylem and cortical parenchyma cells. In summary， U. rhynchophylla hook organs were formed by metamorphosis of stems， but only have primary structures. This research can help solve some classification and identification problems that are difficult to solve by morphological traits only， and provides a theoretical reference for judging the abnormal source of hooked stems or tendril stems.

Key words： Uncaria rhynchophylla， morphological development， anatomy， organ

钩藤（Uncaria rhynchophylla）为茜草科（Rubiaceae）钩藤属（Uncaria）多年生木质藤本植物（《中国植物志》，1999），是一种重要中药材。钩藤以带钩的茎枝入药，味甘、微苦，性微寒，具有清热平肝、熄风止痉等功效（《中华人民共和国药典》，2005），常生于山谷溪边的疏林或灌丛中（王宛，2008）。……