基于cpDNA单倍型多态性的草果栽培地理起源证据

赵小丽 杨耀文 李国栋

摘 要：  为了探索草果（Amomum tsaoko）的栽培地理起源，该文检测了草果、拟草果（A. paratsaoko）的cpDNA序列变化，并获取了单倍型多态性信息。结果表明：（1）20个草果居群272个植株、5个拟草果居群62个植株共检测到7种单倍型。其中，草果有3种单倍型（H1、H3、H6），拟草果有6种单倍型（H1、H2、H3、H4、H5、H7）。H1和H3为共享单倍型，H6为草果私有单倍型，H2、H4、H5、H7为拟草果私有单倍型。H1为普通单倍型，H2为祖先单倍型。（2）草果居群遗传多样性远小于拟草果居群，遗传变异主要来源于居群内，拟草果居群主要来源于居群间。麻栗坡铁厂（TC）、屏边玉屏（YP）居群的遗传多样性、单倍型多样性高于其他18个草果居群。（3）进一步分析表明，包含屏边、马关、西畴、麻栗坡的云南东南部前端地域和邻接的广西那坡可能共同构成草果栽培驯化起源中心，以麻栗坡为核心区域，向周边的西畴、马关、屏边、那坡扩张。因此，结果显示应对TC、YP、那坡下华（XH）居群加以保护。该研究结果为草果种质资源保護、利用提供了遗传学信息。

关键词： 草果， 拟草果， 单倍型， 多态性， 栽培地理起源

中图分类号：  Q941

文献标识码：  A

文章编号：  1000-3142（2021）12-2004-10

收稿日期：  2021-01-26

基金项目：  国家自然科学基金（81660631）;云南省应用基础研究—中医联合重点项目（2018FF001-010）;云南省应用基础研究-中医联合专项项目（2017FF116-004）;重大科技专项（2018ZF010-1）[Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81660631）; Key Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cooperation of Application Fundamental Research in Yunnan Province（2018FF001-010）; Special Fund for Traditional Chinese Medicine Cooperation of Application Fundamental Research in Yunnan  Province（2017FF116-004）; Major Science and Technology Projects（2018ZF010-1）]。

作者简介： 赵小丽（1994-），硕士，中药士，主要从事药事管理、药事服务及临床药学研究（E-mail）2407560335@qq.com。

通信作者：  李国栋，博士，副教授，研究方向为中药资源保护与利用，（E-mail）gammar116@163.com。

Evidence for geographical origin of domestication of

Amomum tsaoko （Zingiberaceae） based

on polymorphism of cpDNA

ZHAO Xiaoli1，2， YANG Yaowen1，  LI Guodong1*

（ 1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines， Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine， Kunming 650500， China;

2. The People’s Hospital of Dehong Introduction， Mangshi 678400， Yunnan， China ）

Abstract：  In order to investigate the geographical origin of domestication of Amomum tsaoko， two hundreds and seventy-two individuals were sampled to represent 20 populations of A. tsaoko， and sixty-two individuals of five populations of A. paratsaoko were sampled as a related species materials. For acquiring genetic diversity informations， the sequence variations of their cpDNA were carried out. The results were as follows： （1） Seven haplotypes by the combined sequences were detected， i.e. three haplotypes （H1， H2 and H3） were found in A. tsaoko populations， and six haplotypes （H1， H2， H3， H4， H5 and H7） were found in A. paratsaoko populations. Two haplotypes （H1 and H3） were shared by the two species. H1 was common haplotype， H2 was ancestral haplotype and H6 was specific haplotype to A. tsaoko， while H2， H4， H5 and H7 were specific to A. paratsaoko. （2） The genetic diversity of A. tsaoko was lower than that of A. paratsaoko and mainly existed within populations. The genetic diversity of A. paratsaoko mainly existed among different populations. The genetic diversity and the haplotype diversity （Hd） of the two populations （TC and YP） were all higher than other 18 populations of A. tsaoko. （3） Further analyses indicated that the domesticated region of A. tsaoko would include Maguan， Xichou and Malipo， where at the front area of southeast Yunnan， and the area near Napo， Guangxi， China. Malipo would be the core domestication of A. tsaoko in the region， then the related area would expand to Xichou， Maguan， Pingbian and Napo. TC， YP and XH populations were proposed to protect their genetic diversity. The results of the two species were expected to provide genetic information and theoretical reference for protection and utilization of the germplasm resources.

Key words： Amomum tsaoko， A. paratsaoko， haplotype， polymorphism， geographical origin of domestication

草果（Amomum tsaoko）果实入药，味辛性温，具有温中健胃、消食顺气、祛寒湿的功能（中国药典委员会，2020），也被常作辛香料添加于食物中。……