烟蚜茧蜂和菜蚜茧蜂寄生烟蚜时的种间竞争

覃韧　陈丹　赵如娜　姚明勇　罗优　吴学三　姜霖　余春　陈文龙

基金項目：贵州省科技支撑计划（黔科合支撑[2018]2362）;中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技专项（201312）

摘 要：烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed和菜蚜茧蜂Diaeretiella rapae（M′Intosh）是烟蚜Myzus persicae（Sulzer）的重要寄生蜂。通过比较研究了烟蚜茧蜂和菜蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的寄生特性和种间竞争关系。结果表明，菜蚜茧蜂雌蜂寿命（2.67 d）显著短于烟蚜茧蜂（4.60 d），但羽化率和雌性比显著高于烟蚜茧蜂;两种寄生蜂羽化当天对烟蚜的寄生量最高，随时间的推移呈下降趋势，菜蚜茧蜂最高寄生量是烟蚜茧蜂的2倍。同时接入或单独接入两种蜂对其寄生率和羽化率无显著差异;先释放的寄生蜂的子代数量显著多于后释放的寄生蜂子代数量。释放寄生蜂的时间间隔对先释放的寄生蜂子代数量影响不显著，但显著减少后释放的寄生蜂子代数量。先释放烟蚜茧蜂间隔72 h和先释放菜蚜茧蜂间隔48 h和72 h能显著降低寄生率和羽化率。

关键词：烟蚜茧蜂;菜蚜茧蜂;烟蚜;种间竞争

中图分类号：S433.3  文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）05-0023-05    国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.05.004

Interspecific Competition of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed and Diaeretiella rapae（M′Intosh）on Myzus persicae （Sulzer）

QIN Ren1，CHEN Dan1，ZHAO Runa1，YAO Mingyong2，LUO You1，WU Xuesan1，JIANG Lin1，YU Chun1，CHEN Wenlong1*

（1.Institute of Entomology，Guizhou University/Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang，Ministry of Agriculture，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China;2.Institute of Biotechnology，Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science，Guiyang，Guizhou 550006，China）

Abstract：Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed and Diaeretiella rapae （M′Intosh） are important parasitoids of Myzus persicae （Sulzer）.In this study，we compared the parasitic characteristics and inter-species competition of A.gifuensis and D.rapae on M.persicae.The results showed that the longevity of D.rapae female（2.67 d） was significantly shorter than that of A.gifuensis female （4.60 d），but the emergence rate and female ratio of D.rapae were significantly higher than that of A.gifuensis; these two parasitoids had the highest number of parasitism on M.persicae on the day of emergence which showed a downward trend over time.The highest parasitism of D.rapae on M.persicae was twice that of A.gifuensis.The combined or single application of the two types of parasitoids did not significantly influence their parasitic rate and emergence rate; the number of offspring of parasitoids released first was significantly higher than that of parasitoids released later.The time interval of releasing parasitoids had no significant effect on the number of offspring of parasitoids released first，but significantly reduced the number of offspring of parasitoids released later.The first release of A.gifuensis at a 72-hour interval and of D.rapae at the 48-hour and 72-hour interval can significantly reduce the parasitic rate and emergence rate.

Keywords：Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed; Diaeretiella rapae（M′Intosh）;Myzus persicae（Sulzer）;interspecific competition

烟蚜Myzus persicae （Sulzer）又名桃蚜，隶属半翅目Hemiptera，蚜科Aphididae，瘤蚜属Myzus，是作物上重要害虫之一。具有生活周期短、繁殖量大、危害时间长以及寄主范围广等特点，可危害50多科400余种植物[1-3]。烟蚜茧蜂Aphidius gifuensis Ashmaed和菜蚜茧蜂Diaeretiella rapae（M′Intosh）属膜翅目Hymenoptera，蚜茧蜂科Aphidiidae，是蚜虫的重要单性内寄生蜂[4-5]。田间的调查结果显示，蔬菜地中蚜虫的主要寄生蜂有这两种蜂的存在[4，6]。路虹等[7]研究了两种蜂的生物学特性，结果显示在23～27 ℃条件下，两者从幼虫发育到蛹期的历期差异很小。……