两种紫苏挥发油体外抑菌效果评价

褚宏叶　杨仕梅　商志伟　温贺　赵德刚　沈奇

摘 要：紫苏挥发油广泛用于食品及医药行业。为了探究紫苏醛及紫苏烯两种化学型紫苏挥发油的抑菌活性，本研究采用水蒸气蒸馏法对紫苏叶挥发油进行提取，采用GC-MS对挥发油成分进行鉴定，并采用滤纸片法进行体外抑菌活性评价。结果表明，供试两种紫苏挥发油分别含有59.71 mg/mL紫苏醛及42.25 mg/mL紫苏烯。抑菌试验显示两种紫苏挥发油均对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌三类细菌均有明显的抑制活性。尤其是对沙门氏菌抑制作用，可达到和对照抗生素相似的效果，低浓度即可达到良好抑制效果。研究结果表明，两种紫苏挥发油有具有良好的抑菌效果，可作为天然的抑菌剂进行应用。

关键词：紫苏;挥发油;抑菌活性

中图分类号：R285.5  文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）05-0034-06    国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.05.006

Evaluation of the Antibacterial Effect of Two Perilla Essential Oil in Vitro

CHU Hongye1，2，3，YANG Shimei1，SHANG Zhiwei3，WEN He3，ZHAO Degang1，3，SHEN Qi1，2*

（1.College of Life Sciences，Guizhou University/Agricultural Bioengineering Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Mountain Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation，Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering of Guizhou Province，Guiyang，Guizhou 550025，China;2.Guangzhou Universityof Chinese Traditional Medicine，Institute of Physiology and Ecology of Medicinal Plants，College of Chinese Materia Medica，Guangzhou，Guangdong 510006，China;3.Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Guiyang，Guizhou 550008，China）

Abstract：Perilla volatile oil is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.In order to explore the antibacterial activity of volatile oil of two chemical type，sperilla aldehyde and perillene，in this study，steam distillation was used to extract the volatile oil from perilla leaves，andgas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） was used to identify the chemical components of volatile oil，and then the filter paper method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity in vitro.The results showed that the two Perilla volatile oils tested contained 59.71 mg/mL perillaldehyde and 42.25 mg/mL perillene.Antibacterial test gainst displayed that E.coli，Staphylococcus aureus，Salmonella bacteria were significant inhibited，In particular，the inhibitory activity on Salmonella could achieve a similar effect to that of the control antibiotic，and a low concentration could achieve a good inhibitory effect.The research results showed that the two kinds of perilla volatile oil had good antibacterial effects and could be used as natural antibacterial agents.

Keywords：Perilla frutescens;volatile oil;antibacterial activity

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（31860391）;省优秀青年科技人才项目（黔科合平台人才[2019]5656）;贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项资金项目（黔科合服企[2021]13）

紫苏（Perilla frutescens），古名荏，又名引子、苏子、白苏、苏麻、香苏、苏草及桂芢等，是唇形科紫苏属 1 年生草本植物。主要分布于中国的江苏、湖北、广东、广西、河南、贵州、四川、韩国、日本等亚洲地区[1]。紫苏是我国传统的药食两用植物，全株均可入药[2]。其中，紫苏叶具有解表散寒，宣肺化痰，行气和中，主要用于感冒风寒，咳嗽妊娠呕吐，鱼蟹中毒[3]。紫苏叶香气浓厚，源于其中丰富的挥发油类物質。《中华人民共和国药典》规定，紫苏叶以挥发油不得少0.40%为主要特征成分[4]。……