真菌桑黄的药用功效及栽培技术研究进展

任思竹 史振霞 张艳霞 苏姗 王宁 闫训友

摘要 桑黄是一类名贵的药用真菌，富含多种活性成分，可有效防治包括肿瘤、肠胃不适、糖尿病在内的多种疾病。尽管当前桑黄已被公众所认知并接受，但这些活性化合物的复杂性及其具体药用功效仍不明确，因此，这些无毒、无副作用活性成分的研发时刻在鼓励着相关研究的广泛开展。此外野生桑黄通常需多年才能生长成熟，子实体十分珍稀，而桑黄的短缺以及市场价格的不断上涨也必然会导致人为采摘的加剧，因此研究桑黄的人工栽培技术也是促进桑黄产业可持续发展的必然途径。通过归纳近年国内外的相关文献，简述桑黄的药用功效和栽培技术的最新研究进展，以期为进一步促进桑黄深加工产品的研发、加速桑黄产业化进程提供一定的思考。

关键词 桑黄;药用真菌;活性成分;药用功效;栽培技术

中图分类号 S567.3;Q949.329 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）03-0005-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.002

Abstract Phellinus linteus is a kind of valuable medicinal fungus，which is rich in many active ingredients，it can effectively prevent and cure many diseases including tumor，diabetes and gastrointestinal diseases，etc.Recently， Phellinus linteus has been widely recognized and accepted by the public，but its complexity of these active compounds and their specific medicinal effects are still unclear.Therefore，researching and developing of these nontoxic，nonsideeffects active ingredients are encouraging the deepening of relevant researches.In addition，wild Phellinus linteus usually takes many years to grow and mature，and the fruiting bodies are very rare.The shortage of Phellinus linteus and the rising market price will inevitably lead to the intensification of artificial picking.Therefore，studying the artificial cultivation technology of Phellinus linteus can also promote the sustainable development of this industry.This study summarized the relevant domestic and foreign literature in recent years，briefly described the medicinal efficacy and the related progress of cultivation technology of Phellinus linteus，in order to further promote the research and development of Phellinus linteus deepprocessed products and accelerate the process of industrialization of Phellinus linteus.

Key words Phellinus linteus;Medicinal fungus;Active ingredients;Medicinal efficacy;Cultivation techniques

桑黃（Phellinus linteus） 属担子菌亚门、层菌纲、锈革多孔菌目，是一类名贵的食、药两用真菌[1]。传统桑黄菌分鲍氏针层孔菌（Phellinus baumii）、裂蹄针层孔菌（Phellinus linteus）、火木针层孔菌（Phellinus igniarius）、瓦宁纤孔菌（Inonotus vaninii）等不同亚类[2]。但过去行业内对桑黄分类模糊，直到近年采用形态学和分子系统学的深入研究才最终确定桑黄的具体划分，戴玉成等[3]认为桑黄种应单独划为一类，即桑黄纤孔菌，界定桑黄在我国以高山桑黄（又名藏桑黄）、桑黄纤孔菌（又名桑树桑黄）等为主的7个类群。桑黄子实体呈黄褐色、多年生且伴木质化，因寄生树种不同，形状、颜色以及药用成分上都存在一定的差异[4]。……