播期对膜下滴灌水稻品种特性的影响

朱江艳 银永安 黄东 贾世疆 郝玉峰 刘小武 李丽 钱冠云 钱鑫 包芳俊

摘要 为优化新疆石河子垦区最佳播期及最适的品种，以膜下滴灌水稻品系T-66、T-69、T-294和T-43为研究对象，对不同播期试验膜下滴灌水稻产量、生育期、产量构成因素及主成分进行分析。结果表明，随着播期的推迟，膜下滴灌水稻的生育进程也相应顺延，但整体来说生育期缩短;播期对各个品种的实粒数、千粒重和产量有极显著影响，对T-66各产量构成因素的影响最大;播期对T-66的结实率有影响，但对其他3个水稻品种的影响不显著。4个品种适宜播期综合评价显示，膜下滴灌水稻品系T-66、T-69、T-294和T-43适合于4月7日播种。

关键词 水稻;膜下滴灌;播期;品种特性;生育期

中图分类号 S511 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）03-0034-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.009

Abstract Rice varieties T66， T69， T294 and T43 were selected to analyze the yield， growth period， yield components and main components using drip irrigation under mulch film planting technology with different sowing dates in order to optimize the best sowing date and varieties in Shihezi Reclamation Area of Xinjiang. The results showed that with the postponement of sowing date， the growth process of rice under mulch drip irrigation was postponed correspondingly， but the growth period was shortened as a whole， and sowing date showed extremely significant impact on the yield， 1 000grain weight and filled grains of each variety， it had the greatest impact on yield component factors of T66 among all the tested varieties. Sowing date showed certain impacts on the seedsetting rate of T66， but had no significant impacts on other three varieties. The comprehensive evaluation of the suitable sowing date of four varieties showed that T66， T69， T294 and T43 were suitable to be sown on April 7th.

Key words Rice;Drip irrigation under mulch film;Sowing date;Variety characteristics;Growth period

隨着进口水稻量的减少，我国水稻自身的产量和品质显得尤为重要。受到可用水的影响，膜下滴灌种植水稻面积逐年扩大，而膜下滴灌水稻田间生长、发育及产量形成主要受到土质、播种质量、播期、品种等因素影响，确定合理的膜下滴灌水稻时期是水稻种植的关键，也是水稻高产和优质的先决条件。适宜的水稻播期能够提高光温资源的利用率，改善膜下滴灌水稻的生育进程，提高成穗率，保证个体正常发育和完全成熟。关于播期对水稻生长特性影响的研究报道有很多，朱红霞等[1]得出了南京地区适宜的水稻移栽期，陈林等[2]研究了播期气象条件对产量及其构成因素的影响，认为水稻安全的播种期可适当提前。……