李铭东 吴成生 沈彤 李昭煜 李国利



摘要 为研究多黏类芽孢杆菌菌剂对玉米产量和病害的影响,采用随机区组试验方法,进行多黏类芽孢杆菌菌剂对玉米影响的田间试验。结果表明,15、30 kg/hm2多黏类芽孢杆菌菌剂与化肥共同施用比单独施用化肥的出苗率高4.1%、5.3%,玉米幼苗叶绿素含量分别高7.90、14.48 mg/g,过氧化氢酶活性分别高11.1、18.8 μmol/(g·min),过氧化物酶活性分别高7.47、15.73 U/(g·min),对玉米根腐病防效分别为74.27%、80.50%,对玉米的增产率分别为 9.68%、17.68%。因此,多黏类芽孢杆菌菌剂可和化学肥料在玉米种植时一起作为基肥使用,可以减轻根腐病的发生,提高玉米产量,能够起到很好的减肥减药作用。
关键词 玉米;多黏类芽孢杆菌;防效;产量
中图分类号 S513 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2021)03-0141-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.03.038
Abstract In order to study the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa inoculum on corn yield and disease, a randomized block test method was used to conduct a field experiment of the effect of Paenibacillus polymyxa inoculum on corn. The results showed that 15,30 kg/hm2 of Paenibacillus polymyxa inoculum and chemical fertilizers had a 4.1% and 5.3% higher emergence rate than chemical fertilizer alone, and the chlorophyll content of maize seedlings was higher by 7.9 and 14.48 mg/g, respectively. Catalase activity was 11.1,18.8 μmol/(g·min) higher, and peroxidase was 7.47,15.73 U/(g·min) higher, respectively. The control effects on corn root rot were respectively 74.27%, 80.50%, the increase rate of corn yield was 9.68%, 17.68%. Therefore, Paenibacillus polymyxa could be used as a base fertilizer together with chemical fertilizers when planting corn, which could reduce the occurrence of root rot, increase corn yield, and had a good weight loss and drug reduction effect.
Key words Corn;Paenibacillus polymyxa;Control;Yield
玉米是世界上廣泛种植的三大粮食作物之一,同时也是畜牧业生产中不可或缺的青贮饲料来源之一,其种植面积仅次于小麦和水稻[1]。我国是一个农业大国,随着人口不断增加,对玉米的需求量也在持续增加,玉米的重要性不断凸显[2-3]。但在玉米生产过程中,由于化学肥料的长期超量使用,造成土壤板结,土壤微生物菌群发生改变,土壤的保水保肥能力减退,土传病害高发,进而导致玉米产量和品质降低[4]。多黏类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)是一种对植物根际具有促生和防病作用的细菌,大量存在于土壤和植物的根系中,能够起到促进植物生长、增加作物抗逆性和防治土传病害的作用[5],且对植物和动物无致病性[6],还能产生如细胞分裂素、生长素、挥发性气体等物质,可促进植物的生长,诱导植物产生系统抗性,对根腐病有较好的防效[7]。……