我国与“一带一路”沿线国家农业合作法律问题研究

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摘要 我国与“一带一路”沿线国家农业合作秉承共商、共建、共享原则，共同打造开放、包容、均衡普惠的农业合作法律框架，农业合作的开展有着国际法律基础、区域法律基础和双边法律基础。农业知识产权、农业投资和农业标准是开展农业合作的重點，在农业合作过程中存在国际法律原则不协调、区域法律框架不适用和双边法律机制不完善的法律困境。我国与“一带一路”沿线国家开展农业合作还需进一步明确农业合作的国际法律原则、构建农业合作的区域法律框架以及完善农业合作的双边法律机制，加强知识产权保护措施、优化农业投资规则及增强农业标准的效力，推动“一带一路”沿线国家农业经济贸易的发展。

关键词 一带一路;农业合作;知识产权;投资;标准

中图分类号 D922.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2021）01-0254-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.01.066

Abstract Chinas agricultural cooperation with countries along the “One Belt and One Road” adheres to the principles of cooperation， co-construction and sharing， and jointly creates an opening， inclusivity and balanced benefaction agricultural cooperation legal framework. The development of agricultural cooperation has an international， regional and bilateral legal foundation. Importantly， agricultural intellectual property， investment of farming and agricultural standards are the key points for agricultural cooperation. In the process of agricultural cooperation， there are legal dilemmas such as uncoordinated international legal principles， inapplicable regional legal frameworks and imperfect bilateral legal mechanisms. So，the agricultural cooperation among countries along the “One Belt and One Road” should clarify the international legal principles for agricultural cooperation， establish a regional legal framework of agricultural cooperation and enhance bilateral agricultural cooperation's legal mechanisms， to strengthen intellectual property protection measures， optimize agricultural investment rules and make agricultural standards more effective， virtually， promote the development of agricultural economics and trade among countries along the “One Belt and One Road”.

Key words One Belt and One Road;Agricultural cooperation;Intellectual property;Investment;Standard

“一带一路”倡议秉承共商、共建、共享原则，致力于维护全球自由贸易体系和开放型世界经济，推动沿线各国实现经济政策协调，共同打造开放、包容、均衡、普惠的区域经济合作架构。其中也包含了农业方面的国际合作，农作物品种资源、农业先进生产技术及农业投资贸易是“一带一路”沿线国家农业经济发展的重要支撑。《共同推进“一带一路”建设农业合作的愿景与行动》指出“一带一路”沿线大部分国家对解决饥饿和贫困问题、保障粮食安全与营养的愿望强烈，开展农业合作是包括中国在内的沿线国家的共同诉求。中国是大豆、乳制品、油籽、糖和谷物的进口大国，20%的食品进口源自美国，当下美国政府发起的贸易战扰乱了我国农产品进口正常秩序，迫使我国寻求新的食品和牲畜饲料进口来源。……