3种植物次生物质对金银花蚜虫的活性测定及防效评价

孙盼盼 李敏 罗孟雄 鞠龙泰 吴雨蒙 李佳

摘要 ：为明确反式2己烯醛、牛至油和百里香油对金银花蚜虫的生物活性及橙皮精油、有机硅对这3种药剂杀蚜活性的增效作用，本研究以金银花蚜虫的优势种胡萝卜微管蚜为试虫，采用浸虫浸叶法和叶面喷雾法进行生物活性测定及防效评价。室内测定结果显示百里香油毒力最高，LC50为1.793 mg/L，添加橙皮精油、有机硅对供试药剂杀蚜活性均有提高，其中反式2己烯醛、牛至油、百里香油与有机硅组合有明显增效作用，毒力系数为1.80、1.48、1.45。田间试验结果表明常规施药后百里香油校正防效最高，施药7 d后3种药剂防治效果均高于对照组;3种药剂减量20%添加有机硅处理施药1 d后防治效果提高约10%，施药4 d后防治效果均高于对照组，施药14 d后防治效果达98%。综上，百里香油对胡萝卜微管蚜的毒力和防治效果最高，3种药剂结合有机硅使用减量增效作用明显，具有进一步开发的潜力。

关键词 ：金银花; 胡萝卜微管蚜; 植物次生物质; 农药助剂

中图分类号： S 435.677

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020310

Bioactivity and control efficacy of three plant secondary metabolites to aphids on honeysuckle

SUN Panpan， LI Min， LUO Mengxiong， JU Longtai， WU Yumeng， LI Jia*

（College of Pharmaceutical Science， Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Jinan 250355，China）

Abstract ：The objective of this study was to clarify the bioactivity of trans 2 hexenal，oregano oil，thyme oil and the synergistic effect of orange peel essential oil and organosilicon on the bioactivity of these compounds to aphids on honeysuckle.The dominant species of the honeysuckle aphid Semiaphis heraclei was used as the test insect，and the bioactivity and the control effect were evaluated by the method of dipping and foliar spraying.The results showed that the toxicity of thyme oil was the highest，with LC50 value of 1.793 mg/L.Mixing additives with pesticides could significantly increase toxicity to S.heraclei. Among them，trans2hexenal+OSi，oregano oil+OSi and thyme oil+OSi had obvious synergistic effect，with the coefficients of toxicity of 1.80， 1.48 and 1.45， respectively.Field test showed that the corrected control efficacy of thyme oil was the highest after conventional application，and the toxicities of the three insecticides were higher than that of the control group seven days after treatment.Under the condition of 20% reduction of three insecticides and adding organosilicon，the control efficacy increased by about 10% one day after treatment，which was higher than that of the control group four days after treatment， and reached to 98% 10 days after treatment.To sum up，thyme oil has the highest toxicity and control effect on S. heraclei.Application of three insecticides combined with organosilicon has obvious pesticide reduction and synergistic effect，which has potential for further development.

Key words ：Lonicera japonica ; Semiaphis heraclei; plant secondary metabolites; pesticide additive

金銀花Lonicera japonica Thunb.[1]是常用大宗药材之一，其优质高效栽培对中药产业发展尤为重要。蚜虫是影响金银花产量和质量的重要害虫，研究发现，胡萝卜微管蚜Semiaphis heraclei是为害山东金银花的主要害虫[2]。种植户在防治害虫时对化学农药的不合理使用，如超过规定剂量、使用频率高和农药单一等，导致农药残留增大，造成土壤和水体污染。如何开发绿色、高效的靶向性农药成为当前研究的热点[3]。……