商人与体育:万国商团中华队对我国近代射击运动的影响

2021-03-17 22:26:23牟艳,张艳霞
山东体育学院学报 2021年6期

牟艳,张艳霞

摘要:通过文献资料调研,对万国商团中华队对我国近代射击运动的影响进行考察。研究认为:被誉为“民众体育先导者”的万国商团中华队是近代中国最早开展射击运动的社团组织,对于推动我国近代射击运动的开展和传播产生了重要的影响。万国商团中华队开启了我国近代射击运动之先河,曾多次代表旧中国在各项国际性的射击竞赛活动中夺取优异成绩,促进国内早期射击竞赛活动的开展,对近代射击竞赛理論和运作模式进行了探索和实践,并为近代中国培养了一批优秀的射击人才,对于增进民族荣誉、争取平等权利等方面作出了重要贡献。

关键词:射击;商人;万国商团;近代体育

中图分类号:G812.9文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-2076(2021)06-0113-06

Businessmen and sports: Influence of the Chinese Team of Volunteer Corps on modern shooting in China

MU Yan,ZHANG Yanxia

Shandong Sport University,Jinan 250102,Shandong,China

Abstract:Through literature research, this paper investigates the influence of the Chinese Team of Volunteer Corps on modern shooting in China. According to the research, the Chinese Team of Volunteer Corps, known as the "leader of mass sports", is the earliest shooting organization in modern China, which has an important influence on the development and dissemination of modern shooting in China. The Chinese Team of Volunteer Corps was the first to start modern shooting in China. It, on behalf of the old China, repeatedly won excellent results in various international shooting competitions, facilitated the development of early domestic shooting competitions, explored and practiced the theory and operation way of modern shooting competitions, and cultivated a number of excellent shooting talents for modern China. It has made significant contributions to the promotion of national honor and the fight for equal rights.

Key words:shooting sports; businessmen; volunteer corps; modern sports

晚清面对“三千年未有之大变局”, 中国传统的四民社会秩序遭到冲击,在重商思潮的影响下,近代商人开始“从四民之末逐渐被推到四民之首的尊崇地位”。近代商人以独立的姿态登上历史舞台,并一跃成为社会发展与变革的重要力量。其影响不仅渗透政治、经济、教育等诸多领域,而且对于近代体育活动的引进和开展也产生了重要的影响。

自20世纪80年以来,史学界章开沅、朱英、马敏等学者对近代商人、商会、商团等领域进行了深入的研究,并取得了丰硕的成果,而学界关于商人与体育的研究却十分薄弱。据1996年版《上海体育志》显示:“19世纪末,上海租界万国商团于武进路(河南路口)设立打靶场,于光绪二十六年组织万国赛枪会,按照英国的比赛方法和规则,使用英式步枪组织了各种射击比赛……华人射击队最早出现在民国六年(1917年),称中华义勇军射击队,加入万国赛枪会后称中华队。

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