试论锚杆在基坑阳角处的设计与施工

2021-03-21 22:27:08朱新磊王娟崔恒
科技创新导报 2021年29期

朱新磊 王娟 崔恒

摘要:本文首先介绍了不同基坑阳角适用的锚杆支护技术,随后以某建筑工程为例,概述了锚杆支护结构设计内容和基坑阳角处锚杆支护施工要点。支护结束后,进行了锚杆多循环张拉检测,试验结果表明锚杆轴线拉力、锚杆最大试验荷载值均满足标准要求。最后结合以往施工经验,采用对比试验的形式验证了锚杆直径、锚杆间距对于基坑阳角最大水平位移量的影响,并由此总结出锚杆直径在15~25mm之间、锚杆间距控制在1.5~3.0m之间,可以取得理想支护效果的结论,为建筑工程基坑阳角支护施工提供了一定的参考。

关键词:基坑阳角;锚杆支护;锚杆间距;支护效果

On the Design and Construction of Anchor Bolt at the External Corner of Foundation Pit

ZHU Xinlei   WANG Juan  CUI Heng

(Qingdao Ruiyuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266550 China)

Abstract: This paper first introduces the bolt supporting technology suitable for different positive angle of foundation pit. Then it takes a construction project as an example to summarize the design content of bolt support structure and the key points of bolt support construction at the external corners of foundation pit. After the support, the multi cycle tension detection of anchor rod is carried out. The test results show that the axial tension of anchor rod and the maximum test load of anchor rod meet the standard requirements. Finally, combined with the previous construction experience, the influence of bolt diameter and bolt spacing on the maximum horizontal displacement of foundation pit external angle is verified in the form of comparative test, and it is concluded that the ideal support effect can be obtained when the bolt diameter is between 15-25mm and the bolt spacing is controlled between 1.5-3.0m, which provides a certain reference for the construction of foundation pit external angle support.

Key Words: External corner of foundation pit; Bolt support; Bolt spacing; Support effect

现代高层建筑施工中需要开挖深基坑。为了保证作业安全和提高建筑质量,需要对深基坑进行支护。基坑阳角部位受力比较集中,是锚杆支护的重要区域。根据阳角类型的不同,适用的支护方案也存在差异,应结合现场情况和以往施工经验进行科学选择。除此之外,无论选择何种支护形式,在施工过程中都需要树立精细化的管理理念,保证锚杆支护效果达标,保障基坑结构稳定和维护现场作业人员的安全。

1 基坑阳角处的锚杆支护技术

对于基坑阳角处的锚杆支护,支护形式与基坑深度(H)、阳角边长(L)等因素有关。根据两者关系的不同,具体可分为以下几种形式。(1)小型阳角。当L<0.2H时,属于小型阳角,這种情况下基坑阳角较小,需要在锚杆边坡做垂直处理,在达到支护稳定效果的前提下,i可在最大程度上降低土方开挖与回填量。……

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