茂名地区婴幼儿维生素A、D₂₊₃、E营养状况调查研究

李富 林丽琴 陈海玲 蓝金生 吕碧绿

【摘要】 目的：探究茂名地區婴幼儿维生素A、D2+3、E营养状况。方法：收集2019年8月-2020年9月于茂名地区出生的1 108例婴幼儿静脉血标本。使用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）进行脂溶性维生素A、D2+3、E检测，对获得数据进行分析统计，分析脂溶性维生素A、D2+3、E与婴幼儿年龄的关系。结果：本研究纳入的1 108例婴幼儿血清样本中，维生素A正常率为77.98%;维生素D2+3充足率为55.60%;维生素E正常率为32.13%，维生素E可以接受率为61.64%。本研究纳入的24例早产儿中，维生素A缺乏率为4.17%，边缘维生素A缺乏为58.33%，维生素A正常率为37.50%;维生素D2+3缺乏率为79.17%，维生素D2+3不足率为20.83%;维生素E正常率为4.17%，维生素E可以接受率为95.83%。脂溶性维生素A、D2+3、E正常率均低于总体情况，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。<1岁婴幼儿维生素A正常率低于≥1岁且<2岁、≥2岁，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。≥1岁且<2岁的维生素D2+3充足率高于<1岁、≥2岁，≥2岁的维生素D2+3充足率高于<1岁，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。≥2岁的维生素E正常率高于<1岁、≥1岁且<2岁，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;≥1岁且<2岁的维生素E可以接受率高于<1岁、≥2岁，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。经Spearman相关性分析，婴幼儿年龄与脂溶性维生素A存在正相关性（P<0.05），婴幼儿年龄与脂溶性维生素D2+3、E均无相关性（P>0.05）。结论：茂名市地区婴幼儿脂溶性维生素A水平尚可，婴幼儿脂溶性维生素D2+3、E水平正常率占比较低，早产儿普遍存在脂溶性维生素A、D2+3、E缺乏。婴幼儿年龄与脂溶性维生素A存在正相关性，与脂溶性维生素D2+3、E无相关性。

【关键词】 维生素A 维生素D2+3 维生素E 婴幼儿 生长发育

[Abstract] Objective： To explore the nutritional status of vitamin A， D2+3 and E in infants and young children in Maoming area. Method： Venous blood samples from 1 108 infants and young children in Maoming from August 2019 to September 2020 were collected. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was used to detect fat-soluble vitamins A， D2+3 and E， and the obtained data were analyzed and counted to analyze the relationship between fat-soluble vitamins A， D2+3 and E and the age of infants and young children. Result： The normal rate of vitamin A in serum samples of 1 108 infants and young children was 77.98%， the content of vitamin D2+3 was 55.60%， the normal rate of vitamin E was 32.13%， and the acceptable rate of vitamin E was 61.64%. Among the 24 premature infants included in this study， the rate of vitamin A deficiency was 4.17%， the marginal vitamin A deficiency was 58.33%， and the normal rate of vitamin A was 37.50%. The deficiency rate of vitamin D2+3 and deficiency rate of vitamin D2+3 were 79.17% and 20.83% respectively. The normal rate of vitamin E was 4.17% and the acceptable rate of vitamin E was 95.83%. The normal rates of fat-soluble vitamins A， D2+3 and E were lower than those of the general situation， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The normal rate of vitamin A in children <1 year old was lower than ≥1 year old and < 2 years old， ≥2 years old， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The vitamin D2+3 sufficiency rate of ≥1 year old and < 2 years old was higher than that of <1 year old and ≥2 years old， and the vitamin D2+3 sufficiency rate of ≥2 years old was higher than that of <1 year old， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The normal rate of vitamin E in ≥2 years was higher than that in <1 years， ≥1 years and <2 years， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The acceptability rate of vitamin E in patients ≥1 year old and <2 years old was higher than that in patients <1 year old and ≥2 years old， the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the age of infants and fat-soluble vitamin A （P<0.05）， but no correlation between the age of infants and fat-soluble vitamin D2+3 and E （P>0.05）. Conclusion： The level of fat-soluble vitamin A in infants in Maoming city is fair， the normal rate of fat-soluble vitamin D2+3 and E in infants is relatively low， and the deficiency of fat-soluble vitamin A， D2+3 and E is common in preterm infants. There was a positive correlation between age and fat-soluble vitamin A， but no correlation between age and fat-soluble vitamin D2+3 and E.

[Key words] Vitamin A Vitamin D2+3 Vitamin E Infant and young children Growth and development

First-author’s address： Maoming Maternal and Child Health Hospital， Maoming 525000， China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.25.022

维生素是维持正常人体代谢的必需有机物，在儿童生长发育过程中有不可替代的作用[1]。……