三门峡库区湿地水资源利用效用评价

王富强 张红璐 赵衡

摘 要：湿地是水陆相互作用形成的特殊生态系统，为了保证湿地水资源的合理利用，更好地开展湿地水生态环境保护与恢复、水资源管理等工作，需要科学评价湿地水资源利用效用。选取典型的多泥沙河流湿地——三门峡库区湿地为研究区域，将水资源利用效用定义为单位水资源量所产生的湿地生态服务功能价值，以2017年为基准年，结合湿地生态环境需水量与生态服务功能价值计算，基于湿地生态环境需水对生态服务功能的支撑作用辨识，建立了湿地各类型生态环境需水与生态服务功能间的耦合关系，评价了三门峡库区湿地水资源利用效用。三门峡库区湿地在景观保护、水质净化和生态系统平衡维持方面起到了重要作用。评价结果显示：生态环境总需水利用效用为0.47元/m3;湿地在景观保护和娱乐方面作用显著，景观保护需水和娱乐需水利用效用较高，分别为19.87元/m3和6.47元/m3;维持水体自净能力需水利用效用最低，仅为0.01元/m3。

关键词：水资源利用效用;生态服务功能;生态环境需水量;三门峡库区湿地

Abstract：Wetlands are special ecosystems formed by the interaction between water and land. In order to ensure the rational utilization of wetland water resources and better carry out wetland water ecological environment protection and restoration， water resources management and other work， it is necessary to evaluate the water resources utilization of wetland scientifically. This paper selected the typical wetland in the sediment-laden river wetland， Sanmenxia Reservoir wetland as the study area. Water resources utilization utility was defined as the functional value of wetland ecological services generated by unit water resources. This paper selected 2017 as the base year， combined the calculation of the eco-environmental water demand of the wetland and the value of the ecological service function and identified the support of ecological service function of the wetland eco-environmental water to the ecological service function. The coupling relationship between various types of wetland eco-environmental water damands and ecological service functions and the water resources utilization utility in the Sanmenxia Reservoir wetland was evaluated. The evaluation results show that wetlands have played an important role in landscape protection， water and sediment regulation， water quality purification and ecosystem balance maintenance. Among them， the total ecological water demand in the ecological environment is 0.47 Yuan/m3 in the Sanmenxia Reservoir wetland. Among them， wetland landscape protection and recreational water demand have the highest utility， which are 19.87 Yuan/m3 and 6.47 Yuan/m3 respectively. The water resources utilization utility to maintain the self-purification ability of water body is the lowest， which is only 0.01 Yuan/m3.

Key words： water resources utilization utility; ecological service function; eco-environmental water demand; Sanmenxia Reservoir wetland

黃河是中华民族的母亲河。2019年9月18日，习近平总书记在郑州主持召开“黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展”座谈会，明确提出要始终坚持以水而定、量水而行，着力加强生态保护治理，让黄河成为造福人民的幸福河。三门峡库区湿地作为黄河湿地自然保护区的重要组成部分，在调水调沙、水质净化、维持生态系统健康等方面起到了不可或缺的作用。……