陈明珍 赵百特 谢利涛


摘 要:以方块形芽接法为嫁接方法,针对在不同时间点和不同植株上进行嫁接培植后嫁接苗的成活情况进行实验研究,结果显示,方块形芽接法操作简便,适合新手操作,嫁接场地不限,嫁接的适用树种几乎没有限制,但对嫁接时段和嫁接品种之间的亲缘关系远近要求较高。由此可见,如将方块形芽接法应用于中小学实验教学中,对提高教师教学以及学生学习的效果将会有较大的帮助。
关键词:方块形芽接法;实验教学;操作;亲缘关系
中图分类号 G642.0文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731(2021)05-0155-02
Abstract: Taking the square budding method as the grafting method, the survival situation of grafted seedlings after grafting and cultivation at different time points and different plants was studied. The results showed that the square budding method was easy to operate, suitable for novice operation, the grafting site was not limited, and there was almost no limit on the suitable tree species for grafting, but it had higher requirements on the grafting time and the genetic relationship between grafted varieties. According to the results of this research, it can be found that if the square budding method is applied to the experimental teaching in primary and secondary schools, it is expected to be of great help to the teaching effect of teachers and the learning situation of students.
Key words: Square budding method; Experimental teaching; Operation; Kinship
芽接技术于17世纪以后逐渐在欧洲盛行,主要用来繁殖桃、油桃、杏等核果类果树。而方块形芽接法是在21世纪由中国河南的部分嫁接人员集思广益得出的一种新型嫁接方法,并为此设计制作了平行双刀片嫁接刀。该方法结合一些小技巧辅助,在砧木上开1个方块形或长方形接口,把1个同样大小的接芽嫁接到接口上,提高了嫁接速度,使操作步骤变得简便而高效[1]。目前,该技术较多应用于核桃的繁殖,也在夏季应用于果树和花卉的嫁接操作。嫁接技术不仅多样化,其应用范围也在不断扩大,探索嫁接亲和力的本质与砧木影响的机理是嫁接技术的研究重点。
随着我国教育政策的改革和二胎政策的开放,国家对于教学资源的需求急剧上升,分配给建设教学建筑楼的经费正逐年增加,但是对于实验教学的建设重视度却并未得到明显的提高,分配给实验教学的资源严重不足。……