解清波 储江伟 杨凌洁 李心月



摘 要:纯电动汽车的性能主要受动力电池的充放电特性和功率特性的影响,而低温条件下锂离子动力电池的充放电效率下降,功率特性变差制约了纯电动汽车的推广和发展。为了研究低温条件对纯电动汽车性能的影响,本文通过对锂离子动力电池在不同温度下进行的放电实验,研究低温对锂离子动力电池性能的影响,并结合实验数据,基于CRUISE软件选取纯电动汽车车型在低温时对电动汽车性能的影响,进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,随着温度的降低,纯电动汽车的性能会有明显的下降。
关键词:低温;锂离子电池;纯电动汽车
中图分类号:U469.72 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-8023(2021)01-0073-07
Abstract:The performance of electric vehicles is mainly affected by the charge and discharge characteristics and power characteristics of the power batteries, while the charging and discharging efficiency of lithium-ion power batteries decreases and the power characteristics deteriorate under low temperature conditions, which restricts the promotion and development of electric vehicles. In order to study the impact of low temperature conditions on the performance of electric vehicles, this paper conducts the effect of low temperature on the performance of lithium-ion power battery was studied through discharge experiments at different temperatures, and the influence of low temperature on the performance of electric vehicles was simulated and analyzed based on the experimental data selected by CRUISE software. The simulation results show that as the temperature decreases, the performance of electric vehicles will decrease significantly.
Keywords: Low temperature; lithium-ion battery; electric vehicle
0 引言
新能源汽車迎合了当今时代节能与环保的主题,有着比较好的发展前景。纯电动汽车具有零排放、环境污染小、能源利用率高、噪声小、结构相比传统内燃机汽车更简单等优点,所以新能源汽车目前依然将以纯电动技术路线为主[1]。锂离子动力电池以其比功率高、能量密度大、寿命长、自放电率低、贮藏时间长和无污染等优点,成为纯电动汽车动力电池的主流选择[2-3]。但是锂离子电池的性能受环境温度影响比较显著[4-5],尤其是在低温环境条件下,电池的可用容量和能量衰减严重[6-9],降低汽车续航里程和动力性能。而且,长期在低温环境下使用会加速锂离子电池的老化,降低其使用寿命和使用安全性[10-11]。
本文通过对锂离子电池进行不同温度条件下的充放电实验,对比分析低温对锂离子动力电池性能的影响,基于实验数据和结果,运用CRUISE软件根据低温条件下锂离子动力电池性能参数的变化对纯电动汽车续航里程和整车动力性能的影响进行仿真分析。……