丁建梅 迟鹏新 姜鹏 徐海峰 袁洪栋



摘 要:我国是农业大国,秸秆资源非常丰富,利用好秸秆资源可极大地解决动物飼料紧缺问题,同时也极大地解决焚烧秸秆带来的环境问题。本文在分析秸秆膨化机工作机理的基础上,对秸秆膨化机中的关键部件螺杆及腔体进行结构设计。为解决膨化机输料堵塞问题,在不更换电机的条件下,通过ANSYS Workbench的流体模块,对螺杆外腔体的速度流场、涡流黏度流场和工作压力流场等进行有限元流场分析,对比得出螺杆与套筒间隙最佳区域。根据标定的生产目标进行试验验证,当螺杆与套筒间隙为5 mm时,秸秆膨化机的结构能达到预期的生产效率,秸秆膨化质量良好。本文研究的秸秆膨化机改变了秸秆的适口性,将适口性差的农作物秸秆变为适口的饲料。
关键词:秸秆膨化机;螺杆;腔体;有限元流场分析
中图分类号:S817.12 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-8023(2021)01-0032-06
Abstract:China is a big agricultural country with rich straw resources. Making good use of straw resources can greatly solve the problem of animal feed shortage, and also greatly solve the environmental problems caused by straw burning. Based on the analysis of the working mechanism of the straw extruder, the key components of the straw extruder screw and cavity are designed. For solving the problem of feeding blockage in extruder, the velocity flow field, eddy viscosity flow field and working pressure flow field of the outer cavity of screw are analyzed by means of ANSYS Workbench fluid module without replacing the motor. According to the calibrated production target, the test verifies that when the gap between screw and sleeve is 5 mm, the structure of straw extruder can achieve the expected production efficiency, and the quality of straw puffing is good. The straw extruder studied in this paper has changed the palatability of straw, and changed the crop straw with poor palatability into palatability feed.
Keywords:Straw extruder; screw; cavity; finite element flow field analysis
0 引言
众所周知,我国是一个农业大国,农作物产量和种类繁多,会产生许多秸秆资源。但秸秆资源仅有15%~20%被用于家畜饲料,其余八成由于技术的欠缺被作为能源焚烧掉,在资源浪费的同时,对环境造成了极大的威胁[1-4]。挤压膨化技术从第一次使用,到如今广泛应用于食品和饲料行业已有上百年的历史。世界上的工业强国,如美国、德国和法国等最早对挤压膨化技术进行了实验和分析[5-7]。美国在这个领域处于领先地位,美国的温格公司就是研究挤压膨化技术的,其研究在世界范围内处于领先地位[8]。……