川崎病患儿并发冠状动脉损伤的特点及其危险因素调查分析

2021-04-02 03:38:38刘佳李小红乔贵雪
中国现代医生 2021年5期
关键词:危险因素儿童

刘佳 李小红 乔贵雪

[摘要] 目的 探討川崎病(KD)患儿并发冠状动脉损伤(CAL)的特点及其危险因素。 方法 选取2016年1月至2020年2月我院儿科收治的KD住院患儿296例为调查对象,按照超声心动图检查结果是否发生CAL将其分为CAL组(97例)和NCAL组(199例)。计算KD患儿并发CAL的发生率;KD患儿并发CAL的危险因素筛选采用单因素χ2检验和多因素逐步Logistic回归法,筛选因素包括性别、年龄、持续发热时间、临床诊断、诊治时间、IVIG开始使用时间、IVIG抵抗、WBC、hs-CRP、ESR、PLT、ALB、cTnI、D-二聚体、血钠、心电图检查、激素治疗。 结果 我院KD患儿并发CAL的发生率为32.77%(97/296);单因素分析结果显示,两组年龄、持续发热时间、诊治时间、IVIG开始使用时间、IVIG抵抗、WBC、hs-CRP、ESR、PLT、ALB、cTnI、D-二聚体、血钠、心电图检查因素比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,持续发热时间(OR=2.195)、诊治时间(OR=3.297)、IVIG抵抗(OR=4.367)、hs-CRP(OR=2.989)、ESR(OR=3.550)、cTnI(OR=5.328)、D-二聚体(OR=3.892)是KD患儿并发CAL的危险因素。 结论 KD住院患儿具有较高的CAL发生率,且影响其发生的危险因素较多,应针对这些高危因素进行早筛查、早诊断、早治疗,降低CAL的发生率,改善KD患儿预后。

[关键词] 儿童;川崎病;冠状动脉损伤;危险因素

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the characteristics and risk factors of coronary artery injury (CAL) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods A total of 296 children with KD who were admitted to the department of pediatrics in our hospital from January 2016 to February 2020 were selected as the subjects. According to echocardiogram to check whether CAL occurred, they were divided into CAL group(97 cases) and NCAL group(199 cases). The incidence of CAL in children with KD was calculated. The risk factors for CAL in children with KD were screened by single factor χ2 test and multivariate stepwise logistic regression. The screening factors mainly included gender, age, duration of fever, clinical diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment time, IVIG start time, IVIG resistance, WBC, hs-CRP, ESR, PLT, ALB, cTnI, D-dimer, blood sodium, electrocardiogram, hormone therapy. Results The incidence of CAL complications in children with KD in our hospital was 32.77%(97/296). Single factor comparison results showed that the age, duration of fever, diagnosis and treatment time, IVIG start time, IVIG resistance, WBC, hs-CRP, ESR, PLT, ALB, cTnI, D-dimer, blood sodium, and electrocardiogram between two groups were statistically different(P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the duration of fever(OR=2.195), diagnosis and treatment time(OR=3.297), IVIG resistance(OR=4.367), hs-CRP(OR=2.989), ESR(OR=3.550), cTnI(OR=5.328), D-dimer(OR=3.892). Conclusion Hospitalized children with KD have a high incidence of CAL, and many risk factors affect its occurrence. Early screening, early diagnosis, and early treatment of KD should be aimed at these high-risk factors to reduce the incidence of CAL and improve the prognosis of children with KD.

[Key words] Children; Kawasaki disease; Coronary artery injury; Risk factors

川崎病(Kawasaki disease,KD)又被称为黏膜皮肤淋巴结综合征,多发于5岁以下的儿童,是一种病因未明的急性发热性疾病,急性发热期的炎症反应可累及全身中等动脉及多器官,而且特异性累及冠状动脉,导致冠状动脉损伤(Coronary artery lesions,CAL),包括冠状动脉扩张和冠状动脉瘤[1]。CAL作为KD的常见严重并发症,有30%~50%KD患儿发生冠状动脉扩张,若未得到及时救治,有15%~25%KD患儿可发展至冠状动脉瘤[2];KD患儿病情严重者可进展为缺血性心脏病、心肌梗死、猝死等,使得KD成为仅次于风湿热的引起后天性心脏病的主要病因[3]。由于KD患儿早期缺乏典型症状体征,部分患儿发生CAL后才被发现或确诊,使患儿错失最佳诊治时机,为此,本研究对KD住院患儿296例进行随访调查,通过筛查KD患儿并发CAL的相关危险因素,分析KD患儿并发CAL的特点,为临床早期筛查和诊治KD、预防并发CAL提供依据,现报道如下。……

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