徐大焜


摘 要:矿井漏风容易引发火灾,对煤矿的安全生产有不利影响,高分子封堵漏风材料是目前解决矿井漏风隐患的常用手段之一,其中酚醛泡沫尤为常用。本文研究了酚醛泡沫的制备方法,并分析了该材料的实验室制备过程及可能出现的问题。其间,首先以苯酚、多聚甲醛和氢氧化钠为原料,制备热固性酚醛树脂,然后以酚醛树脂、盐酸、石油醚和吐温80为原料,制备出酚醛泡沫。
关键词:酚醛树脂;发泡;安全;封堵漏风材料
中图分类号:TD728文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)02-0140-03
Research on Preparation of Coal Mine Fire Fighting and Sealing Air Leakage Materials in Laboratory
XU Dakun
(College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao Shandong 266590)
Abstract: Air leakage in the mine is likely to cause fires and adversely affect the safe production of coal mines, and polymer sealing materials for air leakage are one of the commonly used methods to solve the hidden dangers of air leakage in mines, and phenolic foam is especially commonly used. This paper studied the preparation method of phenolic foam, and analyzed the laboratory preparation process and possible problems of the material. In the meantime, phenol, paraformaldehyde and sodium hydroxide were used as raw materials to prepare thermosetting phenolic resin, and then phenolic resin, hydrochloric acid, petroleum ether and Tween 80 were used as raw materials to prepare phenolic foam.
Keywords: phenolic resin;foaming;safety;sealing air leakage material
我國是煤矿生产和消费大国,确保煤矿安全生产不仅能保证煤矿劳动者的生命安全[1],也是促进经济健康发展的基本条件。煤炭自燃是威胁煤矿安全生产的主要灾害之一,近年来,我国煤矿曾因煤炭自燃而发生过多起事故。矿井漏风是导致煤炭自燃发生的重要原因,在煤矿开采过程中,采空区、巷道、停采线和开切眼以及煤柱压裂容易诱发矿井漏风,造成安全隐患,对这些隐患部位及时进行封堵漏风是防治煤炭自燃的常用有效措施。
随着煤炭行业的不断发展,封堵漏风手段已有多种,通过添加各种材料来进行封堵漏风被证明是高效可靠的方法之一。常用的煤矿封堵漏风材料大致可以分为有机材料和无机材料两种。其中,无机材料以黏土、粉煤灰、水泥等为主要材料,这一类材料虽然价格低廉,但是性能往往比较单一。而有机材料是以高分子材料为主要封堵漏风材料,这类高分子材料往往是高分子泡沫,虽然作为有机材料,其难免具有价格昂贵的缺点,但是它们的性能往往比较多重化,效果相对比较优秀。……