洛阳市一次连阴雨天气过程成因分析

2021-04-21 16:08:47吴文华
河南科技 2021年2期

吴文华

摘 要:本文利用常规气象观测资料、fnl1°×1°6 h再分析资料和自动雨量站资料等,对洛阳市2017年9月24日至10月17日的连阴雨天气过程的大尺度环流形势特征、影响天气系统及物理量场特征进行诊断分析。结果表明,南亚高压的偏东、200 hPa高空急流的出现并维持、副高的西伸北跳、西风带短波系统活跃、冷空气持续补充南下是这次连阴雨天气的主要原因;连阴雨期间,大气低层湿度大,但水汽辐合和垂直运动条件较弱,致使降水持续时间长但雨量不大;阴雨天气期间,近地层基本维持偏东风或东北风,降水中断间歇,近地面基本为偏南风。

关键词:连阴雨;高空急流;南亚高压;冷空气

中图分类号:P458.121文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)02-0149-04

Analysis of Causes of a Continuous Rainy Weather Process in Luoyang City

WU Wenhua

(Luoyang Meteorological Bureau,Luoyang Henan 471000)

Abstract: The conventional meteorological observation data, fnl1°×1°6 h reanalysis data, and automatic rainfall station data were used in this paper to diagnose and analyze the characteristics of large-scale circulation situation, influencing weather system and physical quantity field of the continuous rainy weather process in Luoyang from September 24 to October 17, 2017. The results show that the eastward of the South Asian High, the emergence and maintenance of 200 hPa upper-level jets, the westward extension of the subtropical high and the northward jump, the active shortwave system in the westerly zone, and the continuous supply of cold air to the south are the main reasons for the continuous rainy weather; during continuous rainy periods, the lower atmosphere has high humidity, but the conditions of water vapor convergence and vertical movement are weak, resulting in long rainfall duration but not much rainfall; During the rainy weather, the near-surface layer basically maintains easterly or northeasterly wind, the precipitation is interrupted intermittently, and the near-surface is basically southerly.

Keywords: continuous rain;upper-level jets;South Asia High;cold air

洛陽地处暖温带地带,全年四季分明,热量和降水量随时间分布具有显著的季节性。秋季是大气环流转换的季节,秋季连阴雨是洛阳市主要的灾害性天气之一。虽不像冰雹、大风、暴雨等造成的灾害那样猛烈,但连阴雨天气会影响作物的成熟、收割、晾晒,严重时还会导致种子发芽霉变,对农业生产造成重大影响。因此,做好秋季的连阴雨天气预报是为农服务的重点工作之一。

1 持续阴雨天气过程概况和特征

2017年9月24日至10月17日,洛阳出现长达19 d的低温连阴雨天气过程,仅5 d为阴天,其中有12个小雨日,6个中雨日,1个大雨日。此次持续阴雨天气过程具有低温、寡照、降雨日数多和持续时间长的特点。全市平均降水量为155 mm,较常年同期偏多202%,比去年同期偏多605%,并创历年同期第二高值(最多为2005年同期,全市平均降水量163.7 mm)。……

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