西宁市一次强雷暴天气过境的中尺度特征分析

2021-04-21 16:08:47周琴谢启玉李洪梅李京梅
河南科技 2021年2期

周琴 谢启玉 李洪梅 李京梅

摘 要:本文利用地面及雷达探测资料,着重对西宁市2020年7月8日的一次强雷暴过境天气进行中尺度特征分析。结果表明,这是一次受冷平流强迫而出现的强对流天气过程,雷暴过境时具有飑线过境的特征。其间,雷暴大风和短时强降水出现在1 h负闪区前沿和对流云系后部的交错区。地面中尺度分析表明,此次强对流过程具有有效的对流触发机制,地面辐合线、干线的出现时间与中尺度系统的发展移动配合较好。在强对流天气出现时,短临雷达监测具有比较典型的产品特征。

关键词:短时强降水;雷暴大风;中尺度特征分析;雷达产品特征

中图分类号:P458.2文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)02-0153-03

Analysis on the Mesoscale Characteristics of a Severe Thunderstorm Transit in Xining City

ZHOU Qin1 XIE Qiyu1 LI Hongmei2 LI Jingmei1

(1. Xining Meteorological Observatory,Xining Qinghai 810003;2. Pingan District Meteorological Bureau,

Haidong Qinghai 810600)

Abstract: This paper used ground and radar detection data to analyze the meso-scale characteristics of a severe thunderstorm transit weather in Xining City on July 8, 2020. The results show that this is a strong convective weather process forced by cold advection, and the thunderstorm has the characteristics of squall line crossing. In the meantime, thunderstorms and strong winds and short-term heavy precipitation appeared in the cross section between the front of the negative flash zone and the back of the convective cloud system. Meso-scale analysis on the ground shows that the strong convection process has an effective convection trigger mechanism, and the appearance time of ground convergence lines and trunk lines are well coordinated with the development and movement of meso-scale systems. When severe convective weather occurs, short-term radar monitoring has typical product characteristics.

Keywords: short-term heavy precipitation;thunderstorm and gale;mesoscale feature analysis;radar product feature

2020年7月8日16:00開始,西宁市出现一次自西北朝东南方向移动的雷暴过境的强对流天气过程,历时4 h。其间出现了短时强降水、冰雹、雷暴大风等灾害性天气,其中,短时强降水主要出现在大通回族土族自治县,冰雹出现在湟中区,最大小时极大风速出现在西宁国家站。大通的两个单点短时强降水的最大小时雨强分别为24.5 mm(石山乡,19:00)、21.1 mm(宝库种牛场,17:00),从2 h(17:00—19:00)最大降水量来看,大通桥头镇为29.7 mm,宝库种牛场为25.4 mm。雷暴起先影响海晏至大通一带,导致大通产生短时强降水,后续随着雷暴发展和移动,其影响到西宁中心城区至湟中一带,经过湟中上五庄时出现冰雹。强对流天气过程中,西宁中心城区受雷暴大风影响,大树刮倒砸到通行车辆,大通受短时强降水影响,小麦倒伏,县城内道路积水,交通出行受到影响。……

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