2015—2019年朝阳市流行性感冒流行特征分析和防控措施

苏淑飞

[摘要] 目的 分析2015—2019年朝陽市流行性感冒流行特征分析和防控措施。 方法 对朝阳市2015年1月至2019年12月流感样病例监测、病原学监测数据、报告数据等进行分析。 结果 ①2015—2019年，朝阳市流行性感冒共40 624例。2015年7141例、2016年10 964例、2017年7047例、2018年6163例、2019年9309例。②2015年0～5岁、6～25岁、26～60岁、60岁以上分别占总人口的54.96%、28.21%、14.34%、2.49%。2016年为44.88%、27.03%、17.03%、11.06%、26.99%;2017年为52.09%、13.72%、14.54%、19.65%、17.35%;2018年为43.39%、22.29%、16.00%、18.32%、15.17%、2019年为43.28%、28.30%、14.44%、13.98%、22.92%。③2015年男性、女性分别占总人口的68.95%、31.05%;2016年为59.06%、45.95%;2017年为56.99%、43.01%;2018年为54.58%、45.42%;2019年为54.72%、45.28%。④2015年阳性标本105例，占1.47%，其中新甲H1型38例、31例B型、36例季H3型。2016年阳性标本196例，占1.79%，其中新甲H1型42例、60例B型、94例季H3型。2017年阳性标本138例，占1.96%，其中新甲H1型39例、52例B型、47例季H3型。2018年阳性标本46例，占0.75%，其中新甲H1型12例、18例B型、16例季H3型。2019年阳性标本96例，占1.03%，其中新甲H1型37例、30例B型、29例季H3型。结论 朝阳市2015—2019并存不同亚型的流感病毒，相关部门应加强对青少年健康教育，最大限度降低流行性感冒发生率。

[关键词] 朝阳市;流行性感冒;流行特征;防控措施

[中图分类号] R181.8          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）08-0137-04

Analysis on epidemic characteristics and prevention and control measures of influenza in Chaoyang city from 2015 to 2019

SU Shufei

Institute of Sensor Technology， Chaoyang Centre of Disease Prevention and Control in Liaoning Province， Chaoyang 122000， China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and prevention and control measures of influenza in Chaoyang City from 2015 to 2019. Methods The influenza surveillance， etiology surveillance data， and report data of influenza-like cases in Chaoyang city from January 2015 to December 2019 were analyzed. Results ①From 2015 to 2019， there were 40 624 cases of influenza in Chaoyang City. There were 7141 cases in 2015， 10 964 cases in 2016， 7047 cases in 2017， 6163 cases in 2018， and 9309 cases in 2019.②In 2015， people of 0-5 years old， 5-25 years old， 25-60 years old， and over 60 years old accounted for 54.96%， 28.21%， 14.34%，and 2.49% of the total population respectively. In 2016， it was 44.88%， 27.03%， 17.03%， 11.06%， 26.99%; in 2017， it was 52.09%， 13.72%， 14.54%， 19.65%， and 17.35%; in 2018， it was 43.39%， 22.29%， 16.00%， 18.32%， 15.17%， in 2019， it was 43.28%， 28.30%， 14.44%， 13.99%， 22.92%.③The number of males and females accounted for 68.95% and 31.05% of the total population respectively in 2015; in 2016， it was 59.06% and 45.95%; in 2017， it was 56.99% and 43.01%;in 2018，it was 54.58% and 45.42%; in 2019， it was 54.72% and 45.28%.④There were 105 positive samples in 2015， accounting for 1.47%. Among them， there were 38 cases of influenza A H1， 31 cases of influenza B， and 36 cases of influenza A H3. In 2016， there were 196 positive samples， accounting for 1.79%. Among them， there were 42 cases of influenza A H1， 60 cases of influenza B， and 94 cases of influenza A H3.In 2017， there were 138 positive samples， accounting for 1.96%. Among them， there were 39 cases of influenza A H1， 52 cases of influenza B， and 47 cases of influenza A H3. There were 46 positive samples in 2018， accounting for 0.75%. Among them， there were 12 cases of A type H1， 18 cases of type B， and 16 cases of A H3. There were 96 positive samples in 2019， accounting for 1.03%. Among them， there were 37 cases of A type H1， 30 cases of type B， and 29 cases of A type H3. Conclusion Different subtypes of influenza viruses coexist in Chaoyang City from 2015 to 2019. The relevant departments should strengthen health education for young people to minimize the incidence of influenza.

[Key words] Chaoyang City; Influenza; Epidemic characteristics; Prevention and control measures

流行性感冒是由流感病毒引发的一种呼吸道传染性疾病，会在人群之间传播、扩散，引发呼吸系统疾病[1]。流行性感冒波及范围较大、起病急骤、传播扩散迅速，发病率以及死亡率均较高[2-3]。乙型流感一般以局部流行为主，而甲型流感会形成世界范围内的大爆发、大流行，严重影响人们身体健康。加强对流行性感冒流行特征动态监测，分析流行性感冒的流动形态、活动水平等，可及早发现流感病毒变异，及早做出预警，防止流行性感冒蔓延、扩散[4-5]。为进一步了解朝阳市2015—2019年流行性感冒的流行特征，本研究对朝阳市2015年1月至2019年12月流感样病例流感暴发疫情报告、病原学监测数据、报告数据等进行分析，现报道如下。……