考虑货损和碳排放的生鲜产品配送路径优化

沈丽　李成玉　甘彦　赵刚

摘要：

为减少生鲜产品运输过程中的价值损耗和碳排放量，考虑生鲜产品易腐性和冷链物流高排放的特点，对货损和碳排放来源进行细化分析，发现货损主要包括物理损伤、呼吸作用引起的腐败损失和冷藏车开门导致生鲜产品加速腐败的损失，碳排放主要由车辆行驶和制冷机组在运输和卸货过程中运行所消耗的燃油产生。以固定成本、货损成本、燃油成本、碳排放成本和时间惩罚成本之和最小为目标，构建生鲜产品配送路径优化模型，并用遗传算法进行求解。算例分析表明，当总成本在可接受范围内变动时，物流企业可以为客户提供更优质的服务。

关键词：

冷链物流; 车辆路径问题（VRP）; 货损; 碳排放; 遗传算法

中图分类号：  F252.14; U116.2

文献标志码：  A

Distribution route optimization of fresh products considering

cargo damage and carbon emission

SHEN Li， LI Chengyu， GAN Yan， ZHAO Gang

（School of Logistics， Beijing Wuzi University， Beijing 101149， China）

Abstract：

In order to reduce the value loss and carbon emission during the transportation of fresh products，considering the perishable nature of fresh products and the high emission characteristic of cold chain logistics， the sources of cargo damage and carbon emission are analyzed in detail. The cargo damage mainly includes the physical damage， the corruption loss caused by respiration and the accelerated corruption loss of fresh products  caused by the opening of refrigerated trucks. Carbon emission is mainly generated by fuel consumption of vehicle driving and refrigeration unit operation during transportation and unloading. The lowest total cost is taken as the objective， where the total cost includes the fixed cost， the cargo damage cost， the fuel cost， the carbon emission cost and the time penalty cost. The optimization model of fresh product distribution route is constructed. The genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. Example analysis shows that logistics enterprises can provide customers  with better service under the conditions that the total cost changes within acceptable range.

Key words：

cold chain logistics; vehicle routing problem （VRP）; cargo damage; carbon emission;genetic algorithm

收稿日期： 2020-04-09

修回日期： 2020-06-15

基金项目：

北京市自然科学基金（2182027）

作者简介：

沈丽（1978—），女，天津人，副教授，博士，研究方向为物流与供应链管理，（E-mail）lishen97@163.com

0 引 言

生鲜产品易腐败的特性以及人们对生鲜产品品质要求的提升，对生鲜产品的物流配送问题提出了挑战，冷链配送应运而生。

合理有效规划生鲜产品的冷链物流配送路径，不仅能提高配送时效性，减少生鲜产品的货损，还能缩短配送里程，节约配送成本，减少能耗和碳排放，在最大限度保证生鲜产品新鲜度的前提下，提高配送服务水平。

国内外学者对生鲜产品配送车辆路径问题（vehicle routing problem， VRP）进行了深入研究，已经取得了诸多成果。HSU等[1]将能源消耗成本和……