李诗萌 喻倩倩 董展廷 孙林 程蓓 孙承锋
摘 要:肉类在煎炸、烧烤、蒸煮等加热过程中会产生令人愉悦的香气,但同时也伴随着多种有害物质的产生,如杂环胺、丙烯酰胺、反式脂肪酸、多环芳烃类等,这些物质会对人体健康造成极大危害。因此,探究肉类产品热加工过程中有害物质的成因及控制尤为重要。本文综述上述有害物质在肉类加热过程中的形成机理,总结上述有害物质现有的检测方法及控制手段,并讨论了风味物质生成和有害物质控制之间的关系,为后期进一步研究提供参考。
关键词:肉类产品;热加工;有害物质;形成;检测方法;控制
A Review of the Formation and Control of Hazardous Substances in Meat during Thermal Processing
LI Shimeng, YU Qianqian, DONG Zhanting, SUN Lin, CHENG Bei, SUN Chengfeng*
(College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264000, China)
Abstract: Pleasant aroma will be generated in meat products during frying, roasting and other thermal processing operations, which is, however, accompanied by the formation of various harmful substances, such as heterocyclic amines, acrylamide, trans fatty acids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These substances will do great harm to human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the cause of the formation of harmful substances in meat products during thermal processing and to control it. The formation mechanism of the harmful substances, as well as the existing detection methods and control measures are summarized in this review. Meanwhile, the relationship between flavor compounds generation and harmful substances reduction is discussed. We expect that this review will provide valuable reference for further research in the future.
Keywords: meat products; thermal processing; harmful substances; formation; detection methods; control
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20201123-280
中图分类号:TS251.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)01-0092-06
引文格式:
李诗萌, 喻倩倩, 董展廷, 等. 肉类热加工过程中有害物质的形成与控制研究进展[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(1): 92-97. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20201123-280. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
LI Shimeng, YU Qianqian, DONG Zhanting, et al. A review of the formation and control of hazardous substances in meat during thermal processing[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(1): 92-97. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20201123-280. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
肉類富含丰富的蛋白质和脂肪,能供给人体所必需的氨基酸、脂肪酸、无机盐和维生素等主要营养物质。煎炸、烧烤、蒸煮为肉类产品的常见热加工方式,肉类产品热加工过程中会发生美拉德反应、脂质氧化、蛋白质变性等多种化学反应,产生特殊香气并形成独特的产品质地,同时也伴随着如杂环胺、丙烯酰胺、反式脂肪酸及多环芳烃等有害物质的产生。
大量流行病学研究表明,杂环胺的摄入会增加患结肠癌、胃癌、食道癌、胰腺癌等癌症的风险,尤其是结肠癌与2-氨基-3,8-二甲基咪唑并[4,5-?]喹喔啉(2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-?]quinoxaline,MeIQx)、2-氨基-1-甲基-6-苯基-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,PhIP)的高摄入量呈正相关[1-3]。丙烯酰胺则通过抑制人类的成神经细胞瘤和成胶质细胞瘤细胞分化而破坏神经系统[4]。……