甜高粱概念辨析及栽培群概念在饲用高粱品种研究中的应用

贺春贵

摘要：随着我国草食畜牧业的快速发展，甜高粱作为一种饲草作物再次引起人们的兴趣，相关研究和交流增多，但对甜高粱一词的应用、理解常不一致。本文参考国内外一些主要文献，概括提出了甜高粱常见的3种概念及其含义。其一，作为一个通俗概念，甜高粱是指栽培高粱中茎内含甜汁液、有甜味的任何一种或一类高粱;其二，作为植物分类学的概念，甜高粱是指具有一定形态学、生物学特征的特定种、亚种或变种;其三，作为以特定应用为目的概念，甜高粱是指栽培高粱中，其茎内汁液含糖量达到特定要求的一类品种，包括杂交种或常规种或地方品种等。由于分类系统更新和品种多样化等原因，与甜高粱相关的饲用高粱的品种类型名称变化很大，一定程度也引起了概念混乱。建议在饲用高粱中应用《国际栽培植物命名法规》中的“栽培群”概念和方法进行品种归类，以使甜高粱等不同类型饲用高粱的概念更加明晰易用。

关键词：甜高粱;概念;界定;饲用高粱;栽培群

Abstract：With the rapid development of herbivorous animal husbandry in China， sweet sorghum as a forage crop has once again aroused people's interest， and related research and communication have increased. However， the application and understanding of the term sweet sorghum are often inconsistent. In this paper， three common concepts and their meanings of sweet sorghum are summarized by referring to some main literatures at home and abroad. Firstly， as a popular concept， sweet sorghum refers to any kind or a kind of sorghum with sweet juice in the stalk of cultivated sorghum. Second， as a taxonomic concept of botany， sweet sorghum refers to a specific species， subspecies or variety with certain morphological and biological characteristics. Third， as a concept aimed at specific applications， sweet sorghum refers to a kind of cultivar in which the sugar content of its juice in the stem reaches specific requirements，including hybrid or conventional or local varieties. Due to the updating of classification system and cultivar diversification，the types of forage sorghum related to sweet sorghum changed greatly，which also caused conceptual confusion to some extent. Therefore，this paper finally suggests that the concept and method of ‘Group， from International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants，should be used in forage sorghum to classify cultivars，so as to make the concept of different forage sorghum types， such as sweet sorghum clear and easy to use.

Key words：Sweet sorghum; Concept; Definition;Forage sorghum;Cultivation group

近年來，由于我国草食畜牧业的快速发展、甜高粱（Sweet Sorghum）作为新型饲料作物已在许多地区有大量栽培，相关研究和技术开发也不断增多[1 - 2 ]。但在不同的研究资料及技术推广、学术交流中，用“甜高粱”一词所表达的概念内涵和外延常不相同、比较混乱，时常造成许多不必要的误解和交流阻碍，增加了相应技术推广的难度。笔者根据主要中外文文献资料，讨论了甜高粱的不同定义。……