《圣济经》成书与流传概况

梅耀文 田永衍

【摘 要】 《圣济经》一书，十卷，四十二章，成书于政和年间（公元1111～1118年），乃宋徽宗敕编《圣济总录》时亲自撰写，以阐发《内经》之奥旨。本书流传较广且未有散佚，南宋与金元时期，多见于史书、私家藏书载目。明清时期版本流传完整，清人陆心源刊行《十万卷楼丛书》时收录《宋徽宗圣济经》，始得以流传至今。当代有关《圣济经》多以研究的方式见于著作、论文以及点校方面。《圣济经》流传期间，诸多医家吸收发挥了运气学说、法象药理以及儿科理论，为宋以后乃至于今天的中医学发展奠定了基础。对《圣济经》的深入研究，有利于进一步从整体上把握两宋之际医学理论的特点，深入理解宋以后医学理论衍化的内在理路。

【关键词】 圣济经;宋徽宗;成书;流传;文献

Abstract：The book，Sheng Ji Jing contains 10 volumes and 42 chapters，it was written by Emperor Huizong of the Song dynasty when he was compiling The Sheng Ji Zonglu during the reign of Zhenghe （from 1111 to 1118 A.D.） to elucidate the essence of Nei Jing.This book is widely spread as well as not scattered and lost，it is often seen in history books and private collections books in the southern Song，Jin and Yuan dynasties.During the Ming and Qing dynasties，the version spread intact.Lu Xinyuan of the Qing dynasty included Sheng Ji Jing when he published Shi Wan Juan Lou Cong Shu，which has been handed down to this day.In the contemporary era，the relevant Sheng Ji Jing has been appeared in the form of research in the works，the papers as well as the punctuation and collation.During the spread of Sheng Ji Jing，a great deal of doctors absorbed and developed the Yunqi doctrine，pharmacological method state and pediatric theory，which laid a foundation for the development of traditional Chinese medicine after the Song dynasty and even today.Therefore，the in-depth research of Sheng Ji Jing is beneficial to further grasp the characteristics of medical theory in the period between northern Song dynasty and southern Song dynasty on the whole and understand the internal logic of the evolution of medical theory after the Song dynasty.

Keywords：Sheng Ji Jing; Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty; Creation Process; Spread; Literature

我國早期医史学家谢观[1]曾作过一个判断：“中国历代政府，重视医学者，无过于宋。”其说不免有过誉之嫌，但在推动中国古代医疗发展史上，宋代的确占有举足轻重的地位，这已然成为不争的事实。《圣济经》一书正诞生于那个时代，该书共十卷，四十二章，成书于政和年间（公元1111～1118年），为北宋皇帝徽宗赵佶所亲撰。如徽宗在序言[2]7-10中有云：“一阴一阳之谓道，偏阴偏阳之谓疾”，若能明晓医道，则“可以养生，可以立命，可以跻一世之民于仁寿之域”，便可知此书旨在阐述医道，为民求长寿之所在。其中亦有依据《素问》理论论述人体生理、病理，探讨疾病诊断治疗，形成了一套较为精炼的医学理论体系，且发挥运气学说，起源法象药理之说，可视为北宋时期《黄帝内经》教本，《中医基础理论》学本，对中医经典及理论的学习具有很好的桥梁作用，为宋以后的医学发展奠定了基础。……