B族维生素对老年认知障碍患者有效性的Meta分析

2021-07-01 07:26:56李树峰许婷
中国医学创新 2021年13期
关键词:Meta分析

李树峰 许婷

【摘要】 目的:系統评价B族维生素对老年认知障碍患者认知能力改善的有效性。方法:用计算机检索PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Library(2020年第1期)、Web of Science、Science Direct、Scopus、CNKI、Wangfang Data、VIP等数据库,搜集B族维生素对老年认知障碍患者的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT),检索时限从建库至2020年1月。文献的筛选、数据的提取以及纳入研究质量的评估均由两位研究者独立完成。运用均数差(MD)或标准化均数差(SMD)及其95%可信区间(CI)评估干预效应值。结果:共纳入12篇RCT,1 698例患者。B族维生素可显著降低血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)的含量[MD=-3.86,95%CI(-5.17,-2.56),P<0.01],并可在一定程度上改善老年认知障碍患者的总体认知功能[SMD=0.26,95%CI(0.03,0.48),P<0.01],但对记忆力的作用却不显著[SMD=0.204,95%CI(-0.20,0.29),P=0.09]。结论:对于老年认知障碍患者,临床医师和健康教育工作者可推荐其使用B族维生素用于降低血浆Hcy,改善总体认知功能。此外,受纳入研究的质量和数量限制,上述结论还需要更多高质量、多中心、大样本的RCT予以验证。

【关键词】 轻度认知障碍 阿尔茨海默病 系统评价 Meta分析 随机对照试验

Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of B Vitamins in Elderly Patients with Cognitive Impairment/LI Shufeng, XU Ting. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(13): -160

[Abstract] Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of B vitamins in improving cognitive ability in elderly patients with cognitive impairment. Method: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2020), Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, CNKI, Wangfang Data, VIP and other databases were searched by computer. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of vitamin B on elderly patients with cognitive impairment were collected. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to January 2020. The literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment of included studies were completed independently by two researchers. Mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the effect size of the intervention. Result: A total of 12 RCTs involving 1 698 patients were included. B vitamins can significantly reduce the plasma homocysteine (Hcy) content [MD=-3.86, 95%CI(-5.17,-2.56), P<0.01]. It also improved the overall cognitive function of elderly patients with cognitive impairment to a certain extent [SMD=0.26, 95%CI(0.03, 0.48), P<0.01], but had no significant effect on memory [SMD=0.204, 95%CI(-0.20, 0.29), P=0.09]. Conclusion: For elderly patients with cognitive impairment, clinicians and health educators may recommend the use of B vitamins to reduce plasma Hcy and improve overall cognitive function. In addition, due to the limitation of the quality and quantity of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality, multi-center and large-sample RCTs.

[Key words] Mild cognitive impairment Alzheimers disease Systematic review Meta analysis Randomized controlled trial

First-authors address: Fenyang College Shanxi Medical University, Fenyang 032200, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.13.038

随着全球人口老龄化的加剧,人群中认知障碍的发病率和患病率逐年提高,据统计65岁以上的人群中,大约有6.5%的人受认知障碍的困扰,这将影响全球数千万人的健康[1]。阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimers disease,AD)是老年人中最常见的一种痴呆症,以认知功能下降、记忆力减退为主要特征。轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)被认为是介于正常老化和临床痴呆之间的短暂状态[2-3]。研究发现,MCI和AD患者与认知能力正常的人相比,B族维生素水平普遍较低而血浆同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)的水平较高,这两种改变与认知损伤相关,可作为认知障碍发生的独立危险因素[4-5]。临床上通常用胆碱酶抑制剂(如多奈哌齐等)或兴奋性氨基酸受体拮抗剂(如盐酸美金刚)作为MCI和AD的常规治疗手段,在此基础上补充B族维生素可能会延缓MCI向AD转变及AD病情的进一步恶化,但其确切疗效尚不明确[6]。国内外关于B族维生素改善老年认知障碍患者的随机对照实验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)很多,但其作用疗效存在争议[7-9]。……

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