从《图绘暹罗》到“新史学”

摘要：泰裔美国历史学家通猜·威尼差恭的著作《图绘暹罗》已成为当代东南亚研究中最有影响力的作品之一。学者们多从民族主义和殖民主义等角度解读和评论该书，但通猜却意在通过该书挑战皇家主义的传统史学。源自宫廷的泰国传统史学经由丹南史学、彭沙瓦丹（皇家纪年）史学发展而来，在泰国现代史学中占据支配地位。在传统史学叙述中，现代泰国被视为王室精英领导的改革和近代化的产物。通猜将后殖民主义与后现代地理学相融合，通过“地缘机体”“国家感”等概念消解传统的宫廷史学叙事，从根本上推翻了君主在“现代民族国家建构”“反抗殖民主义威胁”“使暹罗未沦为殖民地”等一系列历史情节中的核心领导地位。在此基础上，通猜进一步总结了泰国史学动态，并提出“地方史”和“空隙写作”的“新史学”思想，以超越传统史学的束缚。

关键词：通猜·威尼差恭;《 图绘暹罗 》;传统史学;“新史学”;“空隙写作”

[中图分类号] K336             [文献标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479（2021）05-040-11

From Siam Mapped to New Historiography：

Thongchai Winichakul's Deconstruction of Traditional Thai Historiography Narratives

JIN Yong

Abstract： Siam Mapped， written by the Thai-American historian Thongchai Winichakul， has become one of the most influential works in contemporary Southeast Asian studies. While scholars mostly interpreted and commented on the book from the perspective of nationalism and colonialism， Thongchai intends to challenge the traditional historiography of royalism， instead. Originated from the royal court and developed through the Tamnan and the Phongsaowadan   historiography（Royal Chronicle），  the  traditional   Thai   historiography   has  dominated  modern  Thai historiography. In the traditional historical narratives， modern Thailand is regarded as the product of the reforms and modernization led by the royal elites. Thongchai combines post-colonialism and post-modern geography to dismantle the traditional narrative of court historiography through the concepts such as "geo-body" and "sense of nationhood"， and fundamentally overthrows the monarch's core leadership in a series of historical plots such as "the construction of the modern nation-state"， "resistance to the threat of colonialism" and "making Siam not a colony". Based on this， he further summarizes the trends of Thai historiography and proposes the new historiographic ideas of "local history" and "writing at the interstices" to transcend the constraints of traditional historiography.

Key Words： Thongchai Winichakul; Siam Mapped; Traditional Historiography; "New Historiography"; "Writing at the Interstices"

引   言

通猜·威尼差恭（Thongchai Winichakul， 以下簡称“通猜”）是一位在东南亚史学界负有盛名的泰裔美国历史学家。1994年，通猜出版了《图绘暹罗：一部国家地缘机体的历史》（Siam Mapped： A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation， 以下简称《图绘暹罗》）①一书，在东南亚史学界引起轰动。1995年，《图绘暹罗》获得美国亚洲研究学会颁发的哈里·J·班达奖（Harry J. Benda Prize）。2005年，该书日译本获得日本亚洲事务研究委员会颁发的第16届亚太区大奖（Grand Prize of the 16th Asian Pacific Awards）。《图绘暹罗》已成为东南亚历史研究中最有影响力的著作之一，引起历史学家、政治学家、社会学家和人类学家的极大兴趣。……