论虚拟仿真实验在航空发动机教学中的重要性

俞凯凯　徐惊雷　葛建辉

摘  要：航空发动机事关国家政治、国防以及经济等，是一个国家综合国力的体现。由于我国航空事业起步晚，尽管经过多年的发展，我国的航空发动机技术仍落后于欧美国家，其中航空发动机人才培养是制约着航空发动机技术发展的重要瓶颈之一。由于航空发动机实验成本高、难度大、污染高等原因，高校针对航空发动机专业的教学仍局限于理论课本教学，无法让学生切身掌握航空发动机的工作原理，极大地影响了专业人才培养的质量。虚拟仿真技术是教育部2018年提出的教育建设工程，可以有效地解决航空发动机整机实验中遇到的各类难点。文章以南京航空航天大学航空发动机原理仿真实验平台为例，阐述了虚拟仿真的必要性和组成结构，论述了虚拟仿真技术在航空发动机教学的重要性。虚拟仿真技术可以进一步促进我国航空发动机人才的培养，助力我国航空工业发展。

关键词：航空发动机原理;实验;教学;虚拟仿真

中图分类号：G642     文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2021）16-0083-05

Abstract： Aeroengines affects the development of the nation politics， defense and economy， which represent the comprehensive national strength. After years of development， the aeroengines technology in China is lagging far behind that in the developed countries due to the late start of the aviation industry in China， which is mainly caused by the personnel training in aeroengine. Because of the high cost， serious pollution and great difficulty， the aeroengine education in high school still focuses on the theorical book teaching instead of the aeroengine experiments. Thus， the students cannot fully understand the working principle of the aeroengine， which will affect the quality of the professional training of aeroengine. Virtual simulation technology is an educational construction project proposed by the Ministry of education in 2018， which can effectively solve the difficulties in the aerogene experiment educations. Based on the virtual simulation experimental platform for Aeroengine principle established in Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， the paper presents the necessity and composition， demonstrating the importance of the virtual simulation to the education. In a word， the visual simulation can improve the education quality of the aerogene and boost the development of the aviation industry in China.

Keywords： Aeroengine principle; experiments; education; virtual simulation

航空发动机是一种高度复杂和精密的热力机械，是飞行器的主要动力形式，被誉为现代工业的皇冠。由于其涉及到现代科学的各个方面，气动热力、材料、结构、强度、热防护以及加工等诸多领域，能够制造出高性能、高可靠性的航空发动机已经成为一个国家科技发展、工业基础和经济水平的重要标志。航空发动机除了技术本身难度大，还需要大量的资金投入，国际上著名航空发动机研制商如GE、PW、RR等每年投入经费达10亿美金。……