利用高考英语语法填空题开展高中语法复习的相关原则
——以2021 年1 月浙江省高考英语为例

浙江 沈 奥

《普通高中英语课程标准（2017 年版2020 年修订）》（以下简称《课程标准》）要求学生“在语境中学习和运用语法知识”“运用所学的语法知识，理解所学语篇的基本意义和深层意义”，进而“恰当地描述真实和想象世界中的人和物、情景和事件，表达观点、意图和情感态度，进行人际交流”。从历年高考英语真题来看，语法填空题重点考查了学生在阅读理解的基础上运用语法和语用知识的能力，符合《课程标准》的相关要求。

语法填空题位于高考英语试卷第三部分“语言运用”第二节，具体为“在一篇200 词左右的语言材料中留出10 个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容（1 个单词）或所提供单词的正确形式”。语法填空题强化语言运用，在句子和语篇两个层级综合考查语法的形式与意义，具有科学性及实用性的特点。

基于上述特点，高考英语语法填空题是开展高中语法复习的绝佳材料。为提高习题讲解效率、深化语法复习成效，教师应遵循一定的原则对高中英语语法填空题进行梳理，突出重点、解决难点，避免单纯的文本翻译或流水式讲解。本文以2021 年1 月浙江省高考英语语法填空题为例，探讨了利用高考英语语法填空题开展高中语法复习的相应原则。

2021 年1 月浙江省高考英语语法填空题如下：

In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index（体重指数）across 200 countries,the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.

BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 57 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.It is calculated by dividing a 58 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared,and a BMI of between 19 and 25 59 (consider) healthy.

The study found that between 1985 and 2017,average rural BMI increased 60 2.1 in women and men.In cities,however,the gain 61 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.The researchers described“striking changes”in the geography of BMI.In 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.But 30 years later,the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 63 (sharp).

This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live)in the countryside,including 65 (low) levels of income and education,higher costs of healthy foods,and fewer sports facilities.

试题答案及所考查的语法知识点如下：

一、融合显性教学与隐性教学

显性教学是指教师通过讲解的形式，剖析语法知识的体系和重点，并辅以配套练习让学生加以巩固；……