天津市涉农企业科技创新现状调查与对策建议

郭华 孙国兴 史佳林 李瑾 尹川

摘    要：企业作为农业科技创新的主体，如何提高其创新能力是当前各方所关注的重要问题。本研究以天津112 家涉农企业的第一手调研资料为基础，分析了企业创新现状，包括创新机构设置、人才供给、研发投入产出、整体创新水平等4个方面，认为取得天津涉农企业在巨大成绩的同时，还存在自主创新组织机构不够健全、创新人才供给不充分、投入产出机制不顺畅、自主创新能力有待提升等问题;根据已有的参考文献和相关理论分析设置了21个指标，同时采用了李克特五点量表评估这些影响因素的影响力大小，并对之进行排序，据此提出提升涉农企业科技创新能力的对策建议，包括创新人才激励机制、完善协同创新机制、加大创新投入力度、优化企业创新环境。

关键词：涉农企业;科技创新;影响因素;天津市

中图分类号：F324          文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.05.013

Abstract： As the mainstay of agricultural science and technology innovation， how to improve their innovation capabilities is an important issue to all parties. Based on the first-hand data of 112 agricultural companies in Tianjin， this article analyzed the current situation of technological innovation in agricultural companies， including the establishment of innovation institutions， talent supply， R&D input and output， and overall innovation level. It is believed that while making great achievements of Tianjin's agricultural enterprises， there are still problems such as insufficient independent innovation organizations， insufficient supply of innovative talents， unsmooth input-output mechanisms， and independent innovation capabilities that need to be improved. According to the existing reference literature and related theoretical analysis， 21 indicators had been set up， and the Likert five-point scale was used to evaluate the influence of these influencing factors and rank them. Accordingly this research put forward suggestions to enhance the innovation capabilities of agricultural enterprises， including innovative talent incentive mechanism， improve collaborative innovation mechanism， increase innovation and investment， optimize business environment for innovation.

Key words： agricultural enterprises; technological innovation; influencing factors; Tianjin

2021年中央一號文件提出要“坚持农业科技自立自强”，为此要强化农业企业的创新主体地位，研究其自主创新问题，对实现农业科技企业核心技术的突破，形成和提高农业科技企业的持续竞争能力，特别是深化国家自主创新战略具有重要意义[1]。涉农企业是指从事农产品或农资生产、加工、销售、研发、服务等活动的企业，主要包括农产品生产企业、农产品加工企业、农产品流通企业和农资生产服务企业[2-3]。科技创新已成为农业企业加快发展的内在动力和转变发展方式的根本路径[4]，许多学者都做了大量实证性研究[4-10]，主要集中在创新能力评估[5]、影响因素[3-4，6]、政策评估[7-9]等方面。……