贵长猕猴桃果实生长发育及矿质养分积累规律

周红伟 叶旭 安华明

摘 要：以贵长猕猴桃（Actinidia deliciosa cv Guichang）为试材，生育期定期取样测定果实大小、鲜重和干物质变化以及果实内矿质元素的变化，以为果实和树体营养管理提供参考。结果表明：贵长猕猴桃果实生长发育过程大致可分为三个时期，即迅速生长期（5月中旬—7月上旬）、缓慢生长期（7月上旬—8月中旬）和停滞生长期（8月中旬—果实成熟），而果实内干物质百分比除在初期因水分积累较快导致下降之外，整个生长期间呈现缓慢上升的趋势。生长期间，随着果实发育和干物质积累，果实中各元素含量均呈现不同程度的增减变化，且在迅速生长期积累较快，表明此期保证土壤和树体营养供应是生产上需要注意的重要营养管理环节;其中Ca、Fe和Mn等元素出现了从果实中“倒流”的负积累现象，说明环境因素影响或新梢生长对元素的竞争也会导致果实营养分配量的改变。

关键词：贵长猕猴桃;生长发育;矿质元素;变化规律

中图分类号：S663.4

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）02-0067-04

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.02.011

Abstract：The fruit size，fresh weight，dry matter contents and mineral elements in fruit of Actinidia deliciosa cv Guichang during its development were analyzed，which provide reference for guiding fruit and tree nutrition. The results revealed that the fruit development of “Guichang” can be roughly divided into three periods： rapid growth period （mid-May to early July），slow growth period （early July to mid-August） and stagnant growth period （mid-August to fruit ripening）. The dry matter contents in the fruit，in addition to the initial decline due to the rapid accumulation of water，showed a slow upward trend throughout the fruit development. The contents of mineral elements in the fruit manifested increasing or decreasing tendency with the growth and development of fruit，and the accumulation of the mineral elements in Kiwifruit fruit increased gradually in rapid growth period. It shows that nutritional support is an essential part of the management of soil and tree body in this period，which needs to be paid attention to in production. The content of Ca，Fe and Mn appeared “reflux” accumulation in the fruit，and indicating that the change of fruit nutrient distribution are affected by both environmental factors and the competition for nutrient in shoot growth.

Keywords：Guichang kiwifruit;growth and development;mineral element;accumulation pattern

贵长猕猴桃（Actinidia deliciosa cv Guichang）属美味猕猴桃，是贵州省自主选育并主要推广栽培的地方品种。其果肉绿色、香味浓郁、酸甜适中、耐贮藏、丰产性好、品质佳，全省经济栽培面积已超过1万hm2，并已发展成为贵州省特色精品水果和修文等县市的支柱产业[1-2]。

了解果实生长发育和养分积累规律是制定果树花果管理和营养管理制度的基础，果实中营养元素的积累动态，可以在一定程度上反映果实生长发育过程中的养分需求与分配，揭示这些规律不仅可为生产实践中的科学施肥、树体管理及其他栽培管理措施提供理论依据，而且对于提升猕猴桃果实品质措施的制定也有着积极的指导意义[4]。……