赤水河流域特有竹种爬竹种群现状及保护评价

2021-08-06 07:26:09钟洪明苟光松刘艳江朱潇代朝霞
山地农业生物学报 2021年2期

钟洪明 苟光松 刘艳江 朱潇 代朝霞

摘 要:爬竹是贵州省赤水河流域特有的竹种之一。为了解爬竹的生存状况,对其进行了线路调查和样丛调查。结果表明:目前在模式产地葫市镇有爬竹天然分布面积约3.3 km2;通过样丛调查,龄级结构2a生以下的竹多于3a生、4a生的竹,表明该种群年龄结构为增长型,并且表现出具有一定大、小年现象。个体地径主要集中在1~1.5 cm范围内,长度级个体数量比例最大是5~8 m,说明种群结构较为合理。此外,在野外调查中发现,对爬竹生存构成威胁主要来自人为破坏、攀援植物和自然滑坡三个因素,需采取相关措施进行保护,以扩大其种群数量。

关键词:爬竹;特有竹种;种群特征;保護评价

中图分类号:S718.54

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1008-0457(2021)02-0071-04

国际DOI编码:10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.02.012

Abstract:Ampelocalamus scandens is a one of the endemic bamboo species in Chishui River watershed of Guizhou Province.In order to understand the living condition of A.scandens,the route survey and sample plot survey were carried out.The results show that the natural distribution area for A.scandens is about 3.3 km2 in the model disvovered area.Through the sample plot survey,the number of two years old bamboo is more than three years and four years old bamboo,indicating that the age structure of the population is expanding,and shows a phenomenon of on and off-year in A.scandens population.The ground diameter of individual is mainly from 1 cm to 1.5 cm and the largest proportion of individuals are between 5 m and 8 m,indicating that the population structure is more reasonable.In addition,in the field investigation,it is found that the main threats to the survival of A.scandens are human activities,climbers and natural landslides,so relevant measures should be taken to protect it to expand its population.

Keywords:Ampelocalamus scandens;endemic bamboo species;population characteristics;protection evaluation

爬竹(Ampelocalamus scandens Hsueh et W.D.Li)属于禾本科(Gramineae)镰序竹属(Drepanostachyum),为藤本状竹类,竿长10 m以上,节间长30 cm左右,箨鞘宿存,箨耳微小,箨舌发达,笋期8—9月,生长海拔为260~320 m。主要沿着赤水河两岸的悬崖陡壁上,是当地水土保持、涵养水源的植被之一,其材可作为造纸原料和编织材料[1]。模式种采集点为赤水的金沙,随着人类活动的影响和环境的变化,爬竹无性系种群数量急剧减少,其分布范围狭小,于2007年进入《IUCN红色目录》,其等级为极危植物[2],若不采取相关的保护措施,该物种很有可能会面临灭绝的危险[3]。目前,关于爬竹的相关报道较少,主要集中在组织培养、解剖学和育苗试验等方面[4-6]。

种群是物种进化的基本单位,种群结构可反映种群的分布状态及生存状况。……

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