提 要 海外华语传承研究已成为近年来学界新的研究热点,取得了一系列的成果。通过对语言传承中的学习者、传承推动者、传承影响因素和传承路径4个要素的分类梳理,可以看出海外华语传承研究具有以下特点:(1)领域不断拓展;(2)观察视角更加多元;(3)研究重点因区域而异;(4)理论探讨不断深化;(5)传承路径、对象、影响因素诸方面研究不均衡。未来的海外华语传承研究应该而且可望在海外华语传承理论、海外华人的语言生活、以家庭为基站的传承体系构建、海外华语资源的整理和利用、华文水平测试等方面取得新的成果。
关键词 华语传承;祖语;综述
中图分类号 H002 文献标识码 A 文章编号 2096-1014(2021)04-0065-14
DOI 10.19689/j.cnki.cn10-1361/h.20210406
Abstract The inheritance of Huayu in overseas context is a field that has attracted much academic attention and yielded numerous research findings in recent years. This paper reviews the Huayu inheritance studies with a purpose to generalize the focal research topics and suggest directions for future research in this area. The previous studies on Huayu inheritance can be categorized into four research strands, namely, learners in the inheritance, promoters of inheritance, factors influencing inheritance and the inheritance paths. An analysis of the relevant literature reveals that the research on inheritance of Huayu in overseas context is characterized by ever-expanding research areas, more diversified perspectives, region-specific research topics, increasingly in-depth theoretical explorations, and imbalanced research endeavors in inheritance paths, subjects and contributing factors. In light of the findings in previous research, future studies on this area can place more emphasis on the theorization of overseas Huayu inheritance, the language life of overseas Huayu, the construction of family-based language inheritance system, the cataloguing and utilization of overseas Huayu resources as well as the institutionalization and implementation of “Heritage Chinese Language Proficiency Test”.
Key words Huayu inheritance; heritage language; review
語言传承已经成为当今的一个热门话题,越来越多的学者开始聚焦海外华语传承研究,有许多新发现、新认识,发表了大批新成果。因文献众多,加之已经有不少学者做过综述,本文从语言传承涉及的4个要素——学习者、传承的推动者、传承的影响因素和传承路径出发进行梳理,分析近年华语传承研究的特点并对未来的研究进行展望。
一、学习者
为称说方便,本文把祖语传承中的学习者称为祖语生,他们是重要的研究主体。全面认识祖语生的相关情况,对于海外华语传承具有重要意义。以往的研究中,不少学者,如曹贤文(2017)等都对祖语生学习方面的研究成果进行过梳理,这里不再重复。下面主要关注语言认同、学习动机等方面的研究。
(一)语言认同的差异与变化……p>