气调储存对醇化环境及库存白肋烟品质的影响

李炜 马世金 矫海楠 欧亚非 胡林 白若石 刘鹏 宫伟 张鑫 符云鹏

摘 要：为探索密封降氧对醇化环境及库存白肋烟品质的影响，以自然醇化42个月的湖北恩施成品白肋烟为材料，运用新型气调法，设置T1（1.5%～2%）和T2（7.5%～8%）2个低氧处理及1个常规处理CK，对其温、湿度及烟叶内在品质进行周期性对比。结果表明，与CK处理相比，T1和T2处理对温度影响不显著，但显著降低了相对湿度的变幅和变异系数。CK处理烟叶外观质量缓慢下降，而T1和T2处理则缓慢上升;T1、T2处理在12个月后，均显著提升了总糖含量，处理6个月后均显著提升了烟碱、钾、氯含量（除T1处理第12个月外）;T1处理烟叶感官质量总分在周期内呈现缓慢上升趋势，T2处理呈现先上升后缓慢下降趋势，CK处理呈现短暂上升后快速下降趋势;其中T1处理显著降低了烟叶NNN、NAT含量及TSNAs总量，而T2、CK处理间无显著差异。两低氧气调处理均对库存白肋烟的品质提升具有一定效果，且以T1处理综合提升效果更优。

关键词：低氧;白肋烟;醇化环境;质量;TSNAs

Abstract： In order to explore the impact of seal deoxidization on alcoholization environment and the quality of stock burley tobacco， using burley tobacco from Enshi， Hubei province， which has been aged naturally for 42 months， as the material， the new air conditioning method was used to set T1（1.5%-2%） and T2（7.5%-8%） two different levels of low oxygen treatments， and the temperature， humidity and intrinsic quality of tobacco leaves were periodically compared with conventional treatments. The results showed that the two hypoxic treatments had no significant effect on temperature， but significantly reduced the relative humidity variation and coefficient of variation. The appearance scores were slowly decreased under the conventional storage， while slowly increased in the two hypoxic treatments. Total sugar and nicotine content of T1 treatment increased significantly after 12 months. After 18 months， nicotine content of T2 treatment was significantly increased. For sensory score， the total score in the T1 treatment cycle showed a slowly rising trend. The T2 treatment increased first and then slowly decreased total score. CK showed a slight increase then sharp decrease of total score. The T1 treatment significantly reduced the contents of NNN， NAT and total content of TSNAs， and the difference between the T2 treatment and the control was not significant. For conclusion， low oxygen control has a certain effect on the quality improvement of stock burley tobacco， with the T1 treatment showing the best effect.

Keywords： low-oxygen; burley; alcoholic environment; quality; TSNAs

醇化是提升煙叶品质必不可少的环节之一，能改善新烟中香气粗糙、地方性杂气较重、刺激性较大等问题，从而利于卷烟使用[1]。对于烤烟，一般自然醇化需2年左右[1-7]，温度、湿度、空气、光线等外因与醇化周期和质量关联密切[7-8]。白肋烟作为一种晾晒烟，其高香气、低焦油的特点，在低焦油卷烟配方中占有重要的地位，同时也是混合型卷烟的主要原料之一[9]。在实际工业应用中，其自然醇化周期长于烤烟。由于自身生物学特性和调制方式的影响，白肋烟中的有害物质特有亚硝胺（TSNAs）含量是所有烟叶类型中最高的[10]，因此探索出合适的储存方式对其感官质量的提升和TSNAs含量的减少将具有重要意义。……