冷、热榨制油工艺对烟籽油理化指标及主要成分的影响

侯小东 肖勇 胡海洲 张建会 程子韬 杨兴有

摘 要：为探究不同制备方法对烟籽油品质的影响，采用冷榨和热榨两种方法制取烟籽油，对两种方法的出油率，油的理化指标、脂肪酸组成和主要脂质伴随物组成进行了比较分析。结果显示，热榨法制备烟籽油的出油率更高，油的颜色较深，酸值和过氧化值明显高于冷榨油，不皂化物和碘值稍高于冷榨油。冷、热榨油的脂肪酸组成和含量没有差别，但冷榨油的植物甾醇、角鲨烯和维生素含量明显高于热榨油。研究结果为下一步针对烟籽油的性质和成分开发利用提供一定的参考。

关键词：制油工艺;烟籽油;理化指标;主要成分

Abstract： In order to explore the effect of different preparation methods on the quality of tobacco seed oil， tobacco seed oil was produced by two methods of cold pressing and hot pressing. Yield， physical and chemical indexes， fatty acid compositions and contents of main lipid accompaniments of oil produced by the two methods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that oil yield of hot-pressed oil was higher and the color of the oil was darker. Acid value and peroxide value were significantly higher than those of cold-pressed oil. Unsaponifiable and iodine values were slightly higher than those of cold-pressed oil. There was no difference in fatty acid compositions and content between hot-pressed and cold-pressed oils. Besides， the contents of phytosterols， squalene and vitamins in cold-pressed oil were significantly higher than those in hot-pressed oil. The results of this study provide some reference for further development and utilization of tobacco seed oil in terms of its properties and compositions.

Keywords： oil making process; tobacco seed oil; physical and chemical indexes; main components

煙草是一种叶用经济作物，主要用于卷烟的生产，近年来，烟草其他功用逐渐被发掘。欧阳文等[1]研究发现香料烟烟籽中含有约39%的油脂，杨琼等[2]研究了红花烟和黄花烟共计37份种子资源发现所有烟草类型含油量均在38%以上。烟籽油以亚油酸为最主要的脂肪酸，亚油酸含量与葡萄籽油和红花籽油相当[3]，且烟籽含油量稍高于红花籽（25%～37%）[4]，远高于葡萄籽（8%～20%）[5]，具有广泛的开发利用价值。研究发现以烟籽油为原料，通过酯交换反应制备烟籽油甲酯，转化率高达97%[6-7]。而在柴油中添加烟草籽油制备的脂肪酸甲酯，可以降低CO和SO2排放，并提高柴油机燃油的功率和燃油效率[8]。相关研究发现成熟的普通烟草种子不含有烟碱[9-10]，油脂中不饱和脂肪酸含量达到89.38%，亚油酸的含量达到75.38%，植物甾醇含量达到12.14 mg/g。……