王川奇 高菁菁 闫玉杰 赵小刚 李亚灵 温祥珍



摘 要:为研究叶面喷肥对鱼菜共生系统中生菜生长及系统水质的影响,以观赏鱼、意大利生菜为试材,分别在8:00、18:00于叶片上喷施营养液肥(记作T1、T2),在8:00和18:00喷施2次营养液肥(记作T3),以8:00喷施清水为对照(CK)。结果表明,在自来水养鱼的鱼菜共生系统中,与CK相比,叶面喷施营养液给植株提供了养分,植株氮、磷、镁等养分吸收量显著增加,T2、T3处理植株钾吸收量显著增加,T1处理植株钾吸收量增加但不显著;叶绿素含量提高25%~40%,株高增加,早晚提供2次营养液使生菜地上部鲜质量提高32.18%。同时,叶面喷施营养液处理的水体中NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、总P含量多低于CK,没有对水体造成负面影响,处理间鱼群的质量变化也没有差异。综上所述,叶片喷施营养液可以有效缓解鱼菜共生系统中生菜营养缺乏问题,早晚喷施2次营养液更有利于促进生菜的生长。
关键词:生菜;鱼菜共生;叶面喷肥;植株生长;水质
中图分类号:S636.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)06-054-06
Effects of the foliar fertilization on the lettuce growth in the aquaponic system
WANG Chuanqi, GAO Jingjing, YAN Yujie, ZHAO Xiaogang, LI Yaling, WEN Xiangzhen
(Horticultural College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China)
Abstract: In this research, Italian lettuce and ornamental fish were used to study the effect of foliar spraying on the lettuce growth and water quality in aquaponic system. The leaves were sprayed with nutrient solution (T1, T2) at 8:00 a.m. and 18:00 p.m., twice at 8:00 a.m. and 18:00 p.m. (T3), and the control was sprayed with clear water (CK) at 8:00 a.m. The results showed that in this system, the foliar fertilization provided nutrients to the plants and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, other nutrients were increased significantly, the chlorophyll content was increased by 25%-40%, the plant height was increased, the lettuce yield was increased by 25% when the fertilization was treated in the morning and evening. While at the same time, there was no significant diffidence between the contents of NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N and the total P in the water, the quality of fish was found no significant differences between treatments. In conclusion, the foliar fertilization can effectively alleviate the nutrient deficiency of lettuce in aquaponic system, and spraying nutrient solution twice in the morning and evening is more beneficial to promote the growth of lettuce.
Key words: Lettuce; Aquaponic system; Foliar fertilization; Plant growth; Water quality
鱼菜共生系统是一个将循环水产养殖与作物水培生产结合起来的综合系统,被认为是一种可持续生产的栽培养殖方式[1-2]。管理良好的水产养殖可以提高养分保持效率,减少水的使用,减少向环境排放的废物,并通过同时生产2种农产品来提高经济效益[3]。因此,鱼菜共生技术成为公认的可持续生产农产品的方法之一[4-5]。
盡管鱼菜共生技术具有很高的生产潜力和可持续生产农产品的能力,但在传统的鱼菜共生系统中依然存在营养不足导致蔬菜长势不佳、叶片失绿、产量下降的现象[6]。……