不同种类基质配比对戈壁温室西葫芦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

陈修斌 线国兰 李翊华 杨彬

摘    要：为获得戈壁温室西葫芦育苗的最适有机生态型基质，通过随机区组排列试验，研究了6种不同种类基质配比对西葫芦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明，采用处理Ⅲ（V商品基质∶V玉米秸秆∶V下脚料∶V牛粪=1∶1∶1∶0.1）基质配比，西葫芦的出苗率、茎粗、株高、叶片数、叶面积、冠根比、干鲜质量和壮苗指数等指标均最大，均高于或显著高于其他处理。同时，幼苗光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO2和气孔导度数值最大，分别为6.25 μmol·m-2·s-1和4.25、352、218 mmol·m-2·s-1，幼苗的根系活力、叶片SOD活性与可溶性蛋白含量最高，MDA含量最低;植株保持较强的代谢能力。以处理Ⅲ的基质配比最适合西葫芦幼苗的培育。

关键词：西葫芦;温室幼苗;不同基质配比;生长;生理特性

中图分类号：S642.6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）06-064-04

Effects of different kinds of substrates on the growth and physiological characteristics of squash seedlings in Gobi greenhouse

CHEN Xiubin1， 2， XIAN Guolan 1， LI Yihua1， YANG Bin1

（1. College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering， Hexi University， Zhangye 734000， Gansu，China; 2.Hexi Corridor Precision Engineering Horticultural Engineering Technology Research Center， Zhangye 734000， Gansu，China）

Abstract： In order to obtain the most suitable organic eco-type substrate for zucchini breeding in Gobi greenhouse， the effects of six different kinds of substrates on the growth and physiological characteristics of zucchini seedlings were studied by random block arrangement experiments. The results showed that using treatment Ⅲ（Vcommercial substrate∶Vcorn stalk∶Vscraps∶Vcow dung = 1∶1∶1∶0.1）， summer squash was found the largest index of emergence rate， stem thickness， plant height， number of leaves， leaf area， crown-root ratio， dry and fresh quality and strong seedling index， which were all higher or significantly higher than those of other treatments. At the same time， the seedling photosynthetic rate， transpiration rate， intercellular CO2 and stomatal conductance values were the largest， which were 6.25 μmol·m-2·s-1， 4.25， 352， 218 mmol·m-2·s-1 ，respectively， the seedlings showed the highest root activity， SOD activity and soluble protein content in the leaves， while the lowest MDA content; the plant performed  a strong metabolic capacity. The substrate ratio of treatment Ⅲ was suitable for the cultivation of zucchini seedlings.

Key words： Squash; Greenhouse seedlings; Different substrate ratios; Growth; Physiological characteristics

近年來，河西走廊的五地市认真贯彻甘肃省政府《关于河西戈壁农业发展的意见》[甘政办发（2017）138号]，在戈壁、沙滩和荒漠区大力建造日光温室，以日光温室为主体的保护地生产有了较快的发展。西葫芦（Cucurbita pepo L.）为戈壁温室广泛种植的主要瓜类蔬菜之一，因产量高、经济效益显著等特点，深受广大种植者青睐。随着西葫芦种植面积的不断扩大，对西葫芦幼苗的需求量也越来越多，传统的西葫芦育苗主要以草炭为基质，但草炭为不可再生资源[1]，很多国家已经开始限制草炭的开采[2]，如何选择利用农业废弃物资源来代替草炭已经成为当前研究的重要课题[3]。目前，有关农业废弃物资源利用已有一些研究报道。……