吴志会 陆晴 甄志华 张尚卿 彭学文



摘 要:为解决生产中缺少防治马铃薯黑痣病的有效化学药剂问题,采用生长速率法测定了10种药剂对供试马铃薯黑痣病菌立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)菌株的室内毒力,并选择活性较好的5种药剂进行田间防效试验。结果表明,50%咪鲜胺铜盐SC、20%吡噻菌胺SC、42.8%氟菌·肟菌脂SC、25 g·L-1咯菌腈FS以及50%异菌脲WP毒力较强,EC50值分别为0.076 2、0.689 9、0.722 1、0.900 3和0.925 1 ?g·mL-1;这5种药剂对马铃薯黑痣病也具有一定的防效,其中50%咪鲜胺铜盐SC和25 g·L-1咯菌腈FS对马铃薯黑痣病的防效较好,对马铃薯植株和薯块黑痣病的防效均在78%以上。
关键词:马铃薯黑痣病;杀菌剂;毒力测定;田间防效
中图分类号:S532 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)06-068-05
Toxicity and field control efficacy of fungicides against potato black scurf
WU Zhihui1, LU Qing1, ZHEN Zhihua2, ZHANG Shangqing1, PENG Xuewen1
(1. Tangshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China; 2. Crop Seed Station of Tangshan City, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China)
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of lack of the effective fungicides to control the potato black scurf in production, that mycelial growth rate method was applied to determine the toxicity of the 10 kinds of fungicides on Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and 5 kinds of agents among them were selected for further field efficacy trials. The results indicated that the 50% prochloraz copper SC, 20% Penthiopyrad SC, 42.8% Fluopyram·Trifloxystrobin SC, 25 g·L-1 Fludioxonil FS and 50% Iprodione WP showed higher toxicity on Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in laboratory, with the EC50 values of 0.076 2, 0.689 9, 0.722 1, 0.900 3 and 0.925 1 ?g·mL-1, respectively.The results of field trials showed that all of the 5 fungicides had certain control effect on the potato black scurf, among them 50% prochloraz copper SC, and 25 g·L-1 Fludioxonil FS had better control effect than the others, with a control efficacy on the black scurf of potato plants and potatos was above 78%.
Key words: Potato black scurf; Fungicides; Toxicity determination; Field control effect
马铃薯黑痣病又称马铃薯立枯丝核菌病、马铃薯茎基腐病或马铃薯茎溃疡病,是由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的一种重要的马铃薯真菌性病害[1-4],世界上各马铃薯产区均有分布,特别是重茬地块发病更重、更普遍,一般地块可造成减产15%左右,严重发生地块可引起减产30%~50%,甚至绝收[5-6],严重影响了马铃薯的产量和品质。截至目前,包括福建、河北、内蒙古、广东、黑龙江、宁夏、江苏、陕西、甘肃、山东、青海、云南、贵州、山西、新疆、吉林以及北京等省、区、市均已报道有马铃薯黑痣病发生,基本覆盖了我国所有马铃薯产区,给马铃薯生产造成了巨大损失。近年来随着“马铃薯主粮化战略”的实施,马铃薯的播种面积大幅增加,马铃薯黑痣病的发病范围也随之扩大,其危害程度呈现加重发生趋势,已成为马铃薯产业发展的主要限制因素之一。……