榨菜主要病害发生规律调查及防治药剂筛选

孟秋峰 王洁 高天一 任锡亮 黄芸萍 陈建明

摘 要：为筛选出防治榨菜病毒病、白锈病的药剂以及进行榨菜抗病育种材料创制，系统调查了榨菜的病毒病、白锈病发生规律，同时进行了6种药剂防效试验研究。结果表明，供试4个品种榨菜白锈病和病毒病均随生长期的延长而逐渐加重。在供试4种榨菜中，甬榨4号白锈病、病毒病发病率均为最低，最高病株率分别为11.63%、7.79%，最高病情指数分别为38.37、41.88。药剂试验表明，18.7%烯酰·吡唑酯和32.5%阿米妙收对榨菜白锈病和病毒病的防效较好，对榨菜白锈病防效最高，分别达76.1%、75.1%，对榨菜病毒病防效最高，分别达58.4%、55.2%。综上所述，甬榨4号可作为抗病榨菜品种在生产上推广种植，18.7%烯酰·吡唑酯和32.5%阿米妙收对榨菜白锈病和病毒病的防效优于对照药剂，并且对榨菜无药害，可以在生产上推广应用。

关键词：榨菜;白锈病;病毒病;发生规律;防治药剂

中图分类号：S637.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）06-073-04

The occurrence of major diseases of tuber mustard and screening of high efficacy fungicides

MENG Qiufeng1， WANG Jie1， GAO Tianyi1， REN Xiliang1， HUANG Yunping1， CHEN Jianming2

（1. Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Ningbo 315040， Zhejiang， China; 2. The Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology， Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hangzhou 310021， Zhejiang， China）

Abstract： In order to screen out the fungicides to control virus disease and white rust of tuber mustard and create disease resistant breeding materials for tuber mustard， the occurrence of main diseases（virus disease and white rust）of tuber mustard was investigated. At the same time， the control efficacy of six different fungicides were studied in the paper. The results showed that white rust and virus disease of four varieties of tuber mustard gradually aggravated with the extension of growth period. The white rust highest disease rate and disease index of Yongzha 4 were 11.63% and 38.37， respectively. The virus disease highest disease rate and disease index of Yongzha 4were 7.79% and 41.88， respectively. The chemical test showed that dimethomorph×pvraclostrobin（18.7% WG）and amistar top（32.5% SC）had better control efficacy on white rust and virus disease than that of the control. These two fungicides are harmless to tuber mustard， and can be widely used in production.

Key words： Tuber mustard; White rust; Virus disease; Occurrence; Control fungicide

榨菜是浙江省傳统特色加工蔬菜，鲜菜头年产值3亿～5亿元[1-2]，其中“斜桥榨菜”和“余姚榨菜”驰名中外。榨菜主要病害有病毒病和白锈病，危害严重时减产四成以上[3-4]。榨菜病毒病主要由芜菁花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒以及芜菁花叶病毒和黄瓜花叶病毒复合侵染引起[5-6]，不同榨菜品种对芜菁花叶病毒抗性不同。近年来，随着暖冬气候的影响，榨菜白锈病发生越来越频繁[7]，成为危害榨菜的重大新病害，对榨菜生产造成的危害越来越大。榨菜白锈病由白锈病菌侵染引起，属于真菌性病害[8]。……