吴浩 吴有江 王永泉 印光明 王立端 杨淞月 梁乾
(1.华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院 湖北武汉 430079;2.湖北高通空间技术有限责任公司 湖北武汉 430223;3.上海司南卫星导航技术股份有限公司 上海 201801;4.湖北省安全生产应急救援中心 湖北武汉 430064)
摘 要:我国是全球发生滑坡灾害最频繁、影响范围最广的国家之一,对经济民生造成了重大伤害。滑坡的防灾减灾一直以来受到政府管理部门和社会各界的高度重视,大力推行监测预警信息化工程建设。在此背景下,本文系统研究了时空大数据支持下的滑坡监测预警与应急响应关键技术,解决了传统滑坡防灾减灾工作中的风险感知、预警可靠性和应急联动等方面存在的问题。
关键词:大数据 滑坡灾害 监测预警 应急响应
中图分类号:P642.22 文献标识码:A文章编号:1674-098X(2021)04(b)-0115-03
Key technologies of landslide monitoring, early warning and emergency response based on spatiotemporal big data
WU Hao1 WU Youjiang2 WANG Yongquan3 YIN Guangming2 WANG Liduan3 YANG Songyue4 LIANG Qian3
(1.School of urban and Environmental Sciences, central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430079; 2.Hubei Qualcomm Space Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei province, 430223 china; 3.Shanghai Sinan Satellite Navigation Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201801 china; 4.Hubei provincial work safety emergency rescue center, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430064 china)
Abstract: China is one of the countries with the most frequent landslide disasters and the most extensive impact in the world, which has caused great harm to the economy and people's livelihood. Landslide disaster prevention and mitigation has always been highly valued by government departments and all sectors of society, and vigorously promote the monitoring and early warning information engineering construction. In this context, this paper systematically studies the key technologies of landslide monitoring, early warning and emergency response supported by spatiotemporal big data, and solves the problems of risk perception, early warning reliability and emergency linkage in the traditional landslide disaster prevention and mitigation work.
Key words: Big data; Landslide disaster; Monitoring and early warning; Emergency response
中国是全球发生滑坡灾害最频繁、影响范围最广的国家之一,特别是20世纪80年代以来,随着经济建設的恢复与高速发展及自然因素的影响,滑坡灾害呈逐年加重趋势。我国平均每年发生滑坡和泥石流地质灾害2万余起,受灾人口90 多万,直接经济损失20至60 亿元[1]。例如,贵州水城“7·23”特大山体滑坡灾害,滑坡方量约200余万方,造成近1600人受灾,2400余间房屋不同程度损坏或倒塌,直接经济损失达1.9亿元[2]。严重的滑坡灾害不仅给当地居民的生命财产造成极大损失,还摧毁相当数量的工厂和矿山,并严重影响铁路、公路、水运等基础设施的安全运营,严重制约了国民经济的可持续发展[3]。……