孙惠琪
【V-ing形式用法经典点击】
动名词和现在分词皆由动词构成,并总以V-ing形式结尾。当V-ing形式作用像名词时,叫作动名词;而当V-ing形式其作用像形容词或副词时,就叫作现在分词。同时还要掌握 V-ing形式的被动语态的用法:
一、V-ing形式为现在分词
1. V-ing形式作定语。V-ing形式作前置定语,表示用途,即“用来做……”,或表示性质,即“……的”;V-ing形式作后置定语,往往表示正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生的动作,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
I found a sleeping baby on the bed.
The man breaking the law (=who broke the law) was sentenced to death.
2. V-ing形式作状语时,常作原因状语、方式状语(表伴随情况)、时间状语、结果状语等。
Being a student, I must study hard. (原因状语)
She stood by the window, watching people passing by her window. (方式狀语)
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间状语)
The boy ran even faster, reaching the school out of breath. (结果状语)
3. V-ing形式作表语,表示“使人感到……”的一种性质或特征,也可以表示抽象概念的动作,这种动作未必正在进行。
The news is inspiring.
4. V-ing形式作宾补,表示该动作正在发生。
We are watching the teacher doing the experiment.
二、V-ing形式为动名词
1. V-ing形式作主语,此时V-ing形式多表示一般或抽象的重复多次的行为。
Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job.
2. V-ing形式作宾语时,在admit, avoid, consider (考虑), dislike, enjoy, escape, face, feel, like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practise, put off, cant help (禁不住), cant stand, look forward to等动词或词组之后只能用V-ing形式,不能用不定式作宾语;在forget, go on, like, mean, regret, remember, stop, try等一些动词之后可接动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有所区别。
At the news, he couldnt help crying.
I remember doing the exercise. (动作已经完成)
I must remember to do it. (动作没有完成)
三、V-ing形式的被动语态
V-ing形式被动语态的一般式由“being + 过去分词”构成,表示一个被动动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行。V-ing形式的被动完成式由“having been + 过去分词”构成,表示一个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了。通常在句子中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
Being recognized wherever you go is the price you pay for being famous. (作主语)
She was angry about not having been invited. (作宾语)
I saw him being taken away. (作宾语补足语)
Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (作定语)
Having been written in haste, the book has many mistakes. (作状语)