问题驱动视角下小学数学有效问题情境的创设研究

【摘  要】自新课程的标准实行后，问题情境成了小学数学教学中较为常用的教学手段之一，并得到了众多教师的认可。为此，重视课程教学实质，淡化课堂教学形式的观念，又一次成为教育学者的研究话题。这也使许多授课教师产生疑惑，到底要怎样应用问题情境创建有效的课堂教学？为此，本文以小学数学新人教版一到四年级教材为例，分析了问题驱动视角下的小学数学教学创设原则，并依照原则提出三项创设策略，以为授课教师提供有效的操作策略。

【关键词】问题驱动;小学数学;有效教学

中图分类号：G623.5      文献标识码：A      文章编号：0493-2099（2021）19-0072-02

Research on the Creation of Effective Problem Situations in Primary School Mathematics from the Perspective of Problem-driven

（Chengguan No. 2 Primary School of Datian County，Sanming City，Fujian Province，China） ZHANG Xiuhua

【Abstract】Since the implementation of the new curriculum standards， problem situations have become one of the more commonly used teaching methods in primary school mathematics teaching， and have been recognized by many teachers. For this reason， paying attention to the essence of curriculum teaching and diluting the concept of classroom teaching form has once again become a research topic for educational scholars. This also makes many teachers wonder how to use the problem situation to create effective classroom teaching？ To this end， this article takes the first to fourth grade textbooks for the new version of primary school mathematics as an example， analyzes the principle of primary school mathematics teaching creation from the perspective of problem-driven， and proposes three creation strategies in accordance with the principles to provide teachers with effective operating strategies .

【Keywords】Problem-driven; Primary school mathematics; Effective teaching

一、問题驱动视角下小学数学有效问题情境的创设原则

小学数学教学中应用问题情境可促使学生透过情境感受生活与数学之间的关系，并提高认知能力。同时应用情境教学也可以调动学生的学习兴趣，使学生在快乐中完成数学公式及概念的学习，提高思考能力，领悟数学思想，从而提高数学核心素养。为此，教师在应用问题情境时，需保证的原则有：（1）趣味与参与并存。学生只有在情境中产生兴趣后，才能积极踊跃地加入其中并持续到情境结束。（2）发展与适应并存。教师创设情境需依照课程教学目标，从教材出发联系授课班级学生的认知能力，为学生创建适合其认知发展及心智发展的情境。（3）抽象性与直观性并存。由于情境内容主要为小学生的学习所服务，而小学生此时的思维特点偏向直观性，要想保证情境的有效性，教师需创设直观性的情境。……