考虑参照价格的双渠道供应链动态定价策略

2021-08-16 05:21:26段永瑞阮小曼代祥艳
上海管理科学 2021年3期

段永瑞 阮小曼 代祥艳

摘 要: 参照价格是指消费者依据产品的历史价格主观形成的基准价格。参照价格随时间变化,且参照价格的变化与当时的价格和参照价格有关。在双渠道下,消费者对不同的渠道具有不同偏好,且需求随时间的变化与价格和参照价格有关。采用控制论方法,分别得到了单渠道和双渠道结构下的最优价格变化路径,以及参照价格的变化路径,并得出如下结论:1)稳态价格与初始参照价格无关。当初始参照价格高于稳态价格时,价格函数随时间递减,直至达到稳态价格;当初始参照价格低于稳态价格时,价格函数随时间递增,直至达到稳态价格。2)在两种策略中,稳态价格均随着参照价格弹性系数、折扣因子和记忆因子的增大而变小。

关键词: 双渠道;参照价格;动态定价;稳态价格

中图分类号: F 76

文献标志码: A

Dynamic Pricing Policy for a Dual-channel SupplyChain Considering Reference Price

DUAN Yongrui RUAN Xiaoman DAI Xiangyan

(School of Economics and Management, Tongji Unversity, Shanghai 200092, China)

Abstract: Reference price refers to the benchmark price subjectively formed by consumers according to the historical price of a product. The reference price is changing over time, and the change rate of reference price is dependent on both the price and reference price. In the dual channel case, the consumers preference on the two channels is different. And the change of demand over time is related to price and reference price. By using the cybernetics method, the optimal price change path and the reference price change path under single channel and double channel structure are derived. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the steady state price is independent of the initial reference price. When the initial reference price is higher than the steady-state price, the sale price function will decrease gradually and reach the steady price at last. When the initial reference price is lower than the steady price, the sale price function will increase until it reaches the stable price. 2) The steady state price is decreasing in the reference price elasticity coefficient, discount factor and memory factor.

Key words: dual-channel; reference price; dynamic pricing strategy; steady-state price

1 問题描述

考虑由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的两级供应链系统销售单一产品,产品的销售渠道分为传统的线下渠道和线上渠道,假设制造商和零售商双方信息是完全的。消费者在做购买决策时,不仅要考虑产品的销售价格,还会考虑其主观形成的参照价格。参照价格与产品过去的销售价格、同类产品的销售价格、消费者对该产品的认知等因素有关。

考虑参照价格的双渠道供应链销售系统如图1所示。

在前人的研究文献中,参照价格依赖产品的过去销售价格并且随着时间变化。当消费者遇到一个基于记忆效应的新价格时,会随之调整主观形成的参照价格。……

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