美国执业药师继续教育组织体系和施教机构管理制度分析及对我国的启示

丁瑞琳 蒋蓉 邵蓉

中圖分类号 R95 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2021）13-1543-06

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2021.13.02

摘 要 目的：为改进我国执业药师继续教育组织体系和施教机构管理制度提供借鉴和思路。方法：通过介绍美国药学教育管理概况、执业药师继续教育组织与管理的法律依据和主体以及施教机构管理情况，剖析我国执业药师继续教育组织和施教机构管理中存在的问题，并提出建议。结果与结论：美国的执业药师继续教育由州立法律支持推动;继续教育组织体系较为清晰，各管理主体的职责明确、关系协调;施教机构具有较为完整的管理制度和流程。而我国地方执业药师继续教育管理的主体不一致，难以建立统一的监督制度，且缺乏统一的管理标准;施教机构资质差异大，教育质量难以保障。建议我国可借鉴美国经验，以较高层级的法律文件明确执业药师继续教育的组织机构和体系;建立科学、完备的继续教育施教机构的管理制度和准入标准;根据本国国情选择适宜的继续教育管理模式。

关键词 执业药师;继续教育;组织体系;施教机构;管理制度;美国

Analysis on the Organizational System of Continuing Education and Management System of Teaching Institutions for Licensed Pharmacists in the United States and Its Enlightenment to China

DING Ruilin，JIANG Rong，SHAO Rong（Research Center of National Drug Policy & Ecosystem， China Pharmaceutical University， Nanjing 211198， China）

ABSTRACT   OBJECTIVE： To provide reference and ideas for improving the organizational system of continuing education and management system of teaching institutions for licensed pharmacists in China. METHODS： By introducing the general situation of pharmaceutical education， the legal basis and subject of continuing education organization and management of licensed pharmacists， and the situation of teaching institutions in the United States， the existing problems in organizing continuing education institutions and managing teaching institutions for licensed pharmacists in China were analyzed， and some suggestions were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The continuing education for licensed pharmacists in the United States is supported and promoted by state laws; the organizational system of continuing education is relatively clear， the responsibilities of each management subject are clear and the relationship is coordinated; the teaching institutions have a relatively complete management system and process. However， the management subject of continuing education for licensed pharmacists in China is inconsistent. It is difficult to establish a unified supervision system， and there is a lack of unified management standard. And because the qualifications of teaching institutions vary greatly， the quality of education is difficult to guarantee. It is suggested that China should learn from the experience of the United States and use higher-level legal documents to ensure the clarity of the organization and system of continuing education for licensed pharmacists; establish a scientific and complete management system and access standards for continuing education institutions; choose the appropriate management mode of continuing education based on the national conditions.

KEYWORDS   Licensed pharmacist; Continuing education; Organizational system; Teaching institutions; Management system; United States

18世纪初期，美国路易斯安那州率先对州内药师实施资格认证[1]，引起其他各州纷纷效仿，促使全国迅速建立起了执业药师制度。到20世纪60年代，受制度发展需求和公众健康需要，美国开始提倡和开展药师的继续教育工作[2]。发展至今，美国已经形成相对成熟的教育管理体系，对药师在取得执业资格前后的药学教育均具有系统性的政策设计，其中执业药师的继续教育管理是该政策体系中的重要内容之一。……