“三亿人参与冰雪运动”背景下我国冬季运动发展的瓶颈与对策研究

李克良 王紫娟 张瑶 苏畅 张彩云

摘要：北京冬奥会“带动三亿人参与冰雪运动”，为我国冬季运动的发展带来重要契机，探索突破南北区域经济、冰雪文化、群众基础等方面差异的对策，为建设体育强国注入力量。冰雪运动专业人才缺乏、冰雪运动门槛高、群众基础薄弱、冰雪文化差异等是阻碍“三亿人参与冰雪运动”的主要瓶颈。提出加大我国冰雪人才队伍建设;转变发展理念，促进冰雪场馆多元化利用;降低冰雪运动门槛，促进需求侧消费升级;构建文化认同，厚植冰雪体育文化的发展对策。旨在为提高我国冰雪运动的高质量发展提供思路，助力“三亿人参与冰雪运动”，弥补我国冬季运动的短板，促进夏季、冬季项目平衡发展。

关键词：冬季运动;发展;现实困境;对策研究

中图分类号：G811.212/G811-212文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-3488（2020）06-0045-04

The Realistic Dilemma and the Development of Winter Sports in China under the Background of "300 Million People Going on Ice and Snow"Countermeasures LI Ke-liang，WANG Zi-juan，ZHANG Yao，SU Chang，ZHANG Cai-yun'

（1.Graduate School of Harbin Sport University（School of Intemational Exchange），Harbin 150008，China;2.College of Sports Humanities and Social Sciences Harbin Sport University， Harbin 15008， China）

Abstract： General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed that "300million people go on ice and snow" and the successful bid for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics have brought important opportunities for the development of winter sports in China. The study found that China has a late start of development， lack of professional talents for ice and snow sports;uneven distribution and low utilization of venues; high threslhold for ice and snow sports and a weak mass base; weak ice and snow culture and slow sports popularization. Therefore， it is proposed to increase the construction of China's ice and snow talent team; change the development concept to promote the diversified utilization of ice and snow venues; lower the threshold of ice and snow sports to promote the upgradimg of demand-side consumption; build cultural identity and thicken the development of ice and snow sports culture. Protwide ideas for improving the high-quality development of ice and snow sports in China， help "300 million people participalte in ice and snow sports"， make up for the shortcomings of winter sports in China， balance summer and winter events， and inject strength into building a sports power， Key Words： Winter sports; development; realistic dilemma; countermeasure research

1 引言

我國在夏季运动上的竞技水平有目共睹：从2000年的第27届悉尼奥运会到2021年的第32届东京奥运会，我国共获得了210枚金牌，连续保持在奥运会奖牌榜的前三名，用事实证明了我国体育大国的地位。而在稳定夏季运动竞技水平较高的同时也应该加强冬季运动的发展，弥补我国冬季运动的短板，促进冬季冰雪运动与夏季项目均衡发展。这不仅是一个国家体育整体竞技实力的直接体现，也为了满足社会不同阶层的多元化需求[1]。在我国冬季运动存在短板的情况下，北京冬奥会的成功申办，为我国冬季运动发展带来契机，也在一定程度上提高了我国的国际影响力，推动国际地位的提升[2]。……