何友翔 王小平

摘要:研究了有机肥对某铅锌矿选矿厂周围污染耕地土壤中镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)的活化作用。结果表明,施用有机肥可降低土壤中Cd的生物有效性系数,施用浓度越高,活化作用越低。种植积累重金属较多的荞麦、白菜并增施有机肥,能明显降低Cd生物活性。施用有机肥会增加土壤中Pb生物有效性,種植低积累蔬菜豆角、黄瓜并增施有机肥能明显增加Pb生物活性。
关键词:有机肥;耕地;重金属污染;修复技术;活化作用
中图分类号:X820 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)07-0041-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.07.008
Abstract:The effect of organic fertilizer on the activation of cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) in soil was studied in the polluted farmland around the lead-zinc concentrator. The results showed that applying organic fertilizer could reduce the bioavailability coefficient of Cd in soil. The higher the concentration of organic fertilizer was, the lower the activation was. Planting buckwheat and Chinese cabbage which accumulated more heavy metals and increasing the application of organic fertilizer could significantly reduce the biological activity of Cd. Application of organic fertilizer could increase the bioavailability of Pb in soil. Planting low accumulation vegetables such as beans and cucumbers and increasing application of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the bioavailability of Pb.
Key words:Organic fertilizer; Farmland; Heavy metal pollution; Remediation technology;Activation
据调查,全国耕地土壤采集点位的超标率为19.4%,形势较为严峻,主要以重金属污染为主,尤其是矿区周围的耕地,重金属污染更为严重,在很大程度上增加了矿区周围居民的人体健康风险[1 - 2 ]。耕地重金属污染修复常见的方法主要有植物—化学加强修复法、植物—微生物加强修复法、超累积植物—超累积农作物联合修复法等[3 - 5 ],这些方法的实施少不了农艺措施的加持,而有机肥作为常见的农业措施、植物生长所需营养的辅助原料,除了供多种养分、肥效长,改善土壤团粒结构,提高农产品品质等诸多优点外[6 - 7 ],可有效减少活化的重金属污染物,降低土壤中重金属有效态的含量[8 ]。徽县某铅锌矿选矿厂周围的污染耕地,主要污染物为镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)等,种植的农产品中镉(Cd)和铅(Pb)的超标风险极大,我们有针对性地研究了有机肥施用对耕地重金属的活化作用,现报道如下。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供试材料
指示作物豆角、荞麦、甘蓝、黄瓜、白菜均为市购。……