普洱茶滋味形成机制研究现状

2021-09-03 14:22:24邓锶涵王琼罗蓉刘刚吕才有刘晓慧
中国茶叶 2021年7期

邓锶涵 王琼 罗蓉 刘刚 吕才有 刘晓慧

摘要:普洱茶是一种后发酵茶,因其独特的感官品质及诸多保健功能越来越受到消费者的青睐。为明确普洱茶滋味形成的机制,进一步提升普洱茶品质成分与滋味相关性研究的深度和准确性,文章从多酚类物质及其氧化产物、游离氨基酸、茶多糖、咖啡碱等角度对其研究现状进行了综述。

关键词:普洱茶;理化成分;滋味;形成机制

Mechanism of Pu-erh Tea Taste Formation

DENG Sihan1,WANG Qiong1, LUO Rong1, LIU Gang2, L? Caiyou1,LIU Xiaohui1*

1. College of Long Run Pu-erh Tea, Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, China

2. Yunnan Chamasi Tea Industry Co., Ltd., Puer 650224, China

Abstract: Pu-erh tea is a kind of post-fermentation tea. Due to its unique sensory quality and many health benefits,

Pu-erh tea is more and more popular and favored by consumers. In order to clarify the taste formation mechanism of

Pu-erh tea and further improve the depth and accuracy of the research on the correlation between the quality components

and taste of Pu-erh tea, this paper reviewed the research status from the perspectives of polyphenols and their oxidation

products, free amino acids, tea polysaccharides and caffeine.

Keywords: Pu-erh tea, physical and chemical components, taste, formation mechanism

普洱茶是我国云南省一类历史悠久的特种茶,是以云南大叶种晒青毛茶作为原料,经特定加工工艺所制成的后发酵茶,其主要产地为思茅、下关、临沧和西双版纳等[1]。普洱茶有着独特的品质特征,外形条索肥硕壮实,色泽褐红显猪肝色,汤色呈栗褐或浓红,滋味甘滑醇厚并具有特征性陈香气和诸多保健功能,如具有降血糖、降血脂、抗衰老、抗过敏、防癌等功效,所以普洱茶的相关研究受到国内外重视。

普洱茶成品主要分为生茶和熟茶,两者主要是通过加工工艺的不同来区分的。普洱生茶是由云南大叶种精制过的晒青茶经蒸压成型并干燥后制成。普洱熟茶则是在微生物、酶、湿热、氧化等综合特定条件作用下,由晒青茶或生茶发生一系列转化而形成的。在普洱熟茶的制备过程中,渥堆过程中生化成分的改变决定着熟茶的品质变化。

评价茶叶品质常以茶叶滋味作为重要指标之一。目前主要通过国标法对茶叶感官品质进行审评[2],以茶叶5项因子(外形、汤色、香气、滋味、叶底)作为评价标准,其中滋味评分的系数最高,为30%。……

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