父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能现状及影响因素研究

张玺 田建丽 李青 张青 洪查理 李玲

[摘要]目的調查父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能现状并分析其影响因素，为制订针对性干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法，选取2020年12月至2021年5月在承德市三家三甲医院出生的349名新生儿的父亲作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表和父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能简式量表进行调查，并用多元线性回归分析父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能的影响因素。结果新生儿的纯母乳喂养率为29.5%，父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能得分为（48.36±10.36）分。多元线性逐步回归分析显示，喂养方式、（外）祖母的喂养建议、父亲计划母乳喂养时间、是否与妻子探讨过喂养计划是父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能的主要影响因素（P <0.05）。结论父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能水平有待提高，医护人员应针对主要影响因素为新生儿父亲制订干预措施，提高父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能。

[关键词]产妇;母乳喂养;父亲支持;自我效能;影响因素

[中图分类号] R174.4  [文献标识码] A   [文章编号]2095-0616（2021）24-0159-05

A study of the status quo and influencing factors of paternal support of breastfeeding self-efficacy

ZHANG  Xi1      TIAN  Jianli1      LI  Qing1      ZHANG  Qing2      HONG  Chali3      LI  Ling3

1. Chengde Medical University， Hebei， Chengde 067000， China;2. Department of Obstetrics， Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University， Hebei， Chengde 067000， China;3. Physical Examination Center， Chengde Central Hospital， Hebei， Chengde 067000， China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the status quo of paternal support of breastfeeding self-efficacy and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 361 fathers of newborns born in three 3A hospitals in Chengde City from December 2020 to May 2021 were selected as the research subjects through stratified cluster random sampling method. General information questionnaire and paternal support of breastfeeding self-efficacy simplified scale were adopted for the investigation， and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of paternal support of breastfeeding self-efficacy. Results The rate of exclusive breastfeeding among newborns was 29.5%. The score of paternal support of breastfeeding self-efficacy was （48.36±10.36）. According to the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis， the main influencing factors of paternal support of breastfeeding self-efficacy include feeding pattern， the grandmother's advice on feeding， breastfeeding time planned by the father， and whether the father has discussed feeding plans with his wife （P <0.05）. Conclusion The level of paternal support of breastfeeding self-efficacy needs to be improved， and medical staff should formulate intervention measures for newborns' fathers in the light of the main influencing factors， so as to improve paternal support of breastfeeding self-efficacy.

[Key words] Puerpera; Breastfeeding; Paternal support; Self-efficacy; Influencing factor

母乳是婴儿最佳的营养来源，母乳喂养可以为母婴、社会和经济发展带来很大效益[1]。然而，许多父母在实现母乳喂养目标方面遇到障碍，导致开始和继续母乳喂养的比率降低[2]。相关报告显示[3]，中国6个月内婴儿的纯母乳喂养率仅为29%。国内外的一些研究已经证实母乳喂养率的下降取决于许多因素，其中被忽略的一个重要因素是产妇配偶的支持[4]。父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能是父亲支持产妇母乳喂养行为的信念。父亲的支持对母亲的母乳喂养偏好、母乳喂养率及持续时间具有积极影响[5]，因此，临床应重视并对父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能进行评估。……