空气过滤用纳米纤维膜研究进展

殷妮　刘福娟

摘 要：面对日益严峻的环境危机，空气过滤用纳米材料的研究成为热点。其中纳米纤维膜质轻，可加工性强，具有高效低压、容尘量大和使用寿命长的特性。本文介绍了纤维滤膜过滤污染微颗粒（PM2.5）性能的相关参数，并根据物理机制和静电机制两大原理，分别总结了近年来以物理机制和以静电机制为主的结构依赖型纳米纤维滤膜和静电依赖型纳米纤维滤膜，阐述了各类滤膜的材料、制备方法和应用性能。同时结合近年研究趋势探讨了纳米纤维滤膜在抗菌、耐高温等领域的研究进展，最后对纳米纤维滤膜的发展前景进行了展望。

关键词：纳米纤维;过滤膜;空气过滤;过滤机理;静电吸附;PM2.5

中图分类号：TQ340.79

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）05-0026-11

Research Progress on Nanofiber Membranes in Air Filtration

YIN Ni， LIU Fujuan

（College of Textile and Clothing Engineering， Soochow University， Suzhou 215123， China）

Abstract： Considering increasingly serious environmental crises， the research on nanomaterials for air filtration has become a hot spot. Among them， nanofiber membranes have the characteristics of light weight， strong machinability， high efficiency and low pressure， large dust capacity and long service life. In this review， parameters related to the filtration performance of the nanofiber membranes for polluting particles （PM2.5） were introduced. And then according to the two principles of physical mechanism and electrostatic mechanism， the structure-dependent and electrostatic-dependent nanofiber membranes dominated by physical mechanism and electrostatic mechanism in recent years were summarized， including the materials， preparation processes and application performances of various fiber membranes. At the same time， combined with the research trends in recent years， the research progress of nanofiber membranes in the fields of antibiosis， and high temperature resistance， etc. was discussed. Finally， the prospect of nanofiber membranes was envisaged.

Key words： nanofiber; filtering membrane; air filtration; filtering mechanism; electrostatic adsorption; PM2.5

空氣质量的持续恶化成为人们不得不正视的问题，空气中悬浮的微米级和亚微米级颗粒（如PM2.5）作为最具代表性的大气污染物能在大气中长时间停留，进而对人体造成不同程度的影响。其尺寸小到足以侵入人体内部而难以清除，损害支气管与肺部，对呼吸系统和心血管系统造成伤害，导致如呼吸系统疾病、脑血管疾病、鼻炎甚至致癌[1-6]。最近，世界卫生组织将PM2.5列为一级致癌物，若长期接触PM2.5及更小颗粒会显著增加患癌风险[1，7-8]。据世界卫生组织（WHO）报道，平均每年有90%的人遭受污染空气的毒害，致使七百多万人过早死亡，尤其是对儿童[9]。

生产发展的迫切需求和环境恶化面临的现状，促进了空气过滤材料的生产技术进步及产品质量发展，尤其是纤维类空气滤材。……